Positive aspects:
1. Military Prowess: William Rufus was a skilled military leader who expanded England's territory and strengthened its position in Wales, Scotland, and Normandy. He achieved notable victories in battles such as the Battle of Alnwick against the Scots and the suppression of rebellions in England and Normandy.
2. Administrative Reforms: William Rufus introduced administrative reforms that improved the efficiency of the government. He established a system of royal justice, enforced law and order, and centralized power under the monarchy. These reforms helped maintain stability and strengthen the authority of the crown.
3. Economic Measures: William Rufus was known for his economic pragmatism. He implemented measures to increase royal revenues, such as collecting taxes efficiently and imposing harsh fines on those who violated the law. Although this approach may have been viewed as oppressive, it helped replenish the royal treasury.
4. Architectural Legacy: William Rufus initiated the construction of several important landmarks, including the White Tower of the Tower of London and Westminster Hall. These structures have endured as iconic symbols of England and stand as testaments to William's architectural vision.
Negative aspects:
1. Tyrannical Rule: William Rufus's reign was characterized by harsh and tyrannical practices. He was known for imposing heavy taxes on his subjects, confiscating their property, and disregarding the rights and privileges of the nobility and the church. His oppressive rule led to discontent and resentment among his people.
2. Lack of Compassion: William Rufus was often perceived as lacking compassion and mercy. He was notorious for his cruelty, which included executing rebels and prisoners without due process. His brutality and disregard for human life alienated many of his subjects.
3. Conflicts and Controversies: William Rufus engaged in conflicts and disputes with his brothers and rivals, both within England and on the continent. These conflicts led to instability and strained relationships with neighboring countries.
4. Untimely Death: William Rufus's life and reign were cut short when he was killed during a hunting accident in 1100. His sudden and unexpected death added to the negative perceptions of his reign and left a lasting impact on English history.
Overall, while King William Rufus demonstrated certain military and administrative capabilities, his reign was marred by oppressive rule, cruelty, and numerous conflicts. His positive contributions to England's territory and administrative development are countered by his negative traits and the grievances he caused among his subjects.