Civil wars were an endemic phenomenon in ancient Greece, in all its historical phases. Before the royal house of Mycenae dominated Greece it had to fight hard against the other Achaean kingdoms, the Peloponnese first, and the rest of Greece later. The myths of Herakles, national hero of the Mycenaea
On the plain, southwest of Saigon, near the Mekong River delta, there was in 1963 a small village called Ap Bac. There was nothing extraordinary about that small village with rice fields. It was but an insignificant dot on the map, until that morning on January 2, 1963. A few days before, the int
Contrary to the revolutionary Greeks, who saw the need to form a regular army, the Ottoman Empire, at the time of the Greek Revolution of 1821, did not have serious regular forces. Since 1790, Sultan Selim III had attempted to establish regular infantry, equivalent to the line divisions of the Europ
During the Civil War there were numerous border skirmishes between the Hellenic Army (HE) and Albanian, Bulgarian and Yugoslav forces. One of the most important incidents took place in the area of Koutsoubey Pella, in border Greece – Yugoslavia. This particular episode developed into a rea
The kingdom of the Seleucids was one of the states that were created after the end of the wars of the Successors of Alexander the Great. For a time it was the largest and most powerful Hellenistic kingdom, controlling most of the lands conquered by the great soldier. Gradually, however, the kingd
The capture of Rhodes, the last Christian bastion of the East, momentarily awakened the pope and the European powers. Again, a Greek contributed to this awakening, Janos Laskaris, a descendant of the Laskarids, the imperial family of Nicaea. Another Lascarian would later play a catalytic role in
The French infantry constituted the spearhead of the French Army in 1940, as well as its bulk. It was considered, by non-praisers, elite but this was only partially true. In 1918, with the end of World War I, the French Army was exhausted, but victorious. After the halts of 1917 discipline had been
The fact that this work of Epius (the builder of the Trojan Horse) was a device for the dismantling of the wall is known to anyone who does not consider the Phrygians completely stupid (Attica, I 23.80). With this phrase, Pausanias describes the Trojan Horse, the first machine for dismantling the wa
While the Greek Army was breaking up the Bulgarian defense in Kresna, during the Second Balkan War, Prime Minister Venizelos was negotiating the peace treaty in Bucharest. Under the pressure of the great powers, Russia and France, Venizelos constantly sent telegrams to the king and commander-in-chie
The battle at Cunaxa of Babylon in 401 BC. constitutes one of the most world-historical conflicts in world history. At the same time, it is also one of the greatest victories of the ancient Greeks, against the Persians. Cyrus the Younger, having decided to claim the Persian throne from his brothe
After the abduction of Helen by Paris, which apparently indicates the Trojan naval raid against Laconia and the well-known events that followed, the Achaeans marched against Troy. They assembled their fleet and army at Aulis, opposite Euboia, and from there set out for Priams castle. The myth does n
The concept of the mechanical worker, better known as a robot, existed in ancient Greece, whether it was realized or not, as early as heroic times. Homer shows Hephaestus served by mechanical maids. However, the first war robot or war mechanical device, if ever it existed in any form, is undoubte
The small kingdom of Denmark has a military tradition inversely proportional to its size. However, during the Second World War the army was, for political reasons, in its worst condition. German forces invaded Denmark on April 9, 1940. The army, which the progressive government of the country had
The history of the small state of Luxembourg begins in the 10th century AD. when the half-ruined Roman fortress of the little castle was given to Count Sigrifid I. The small state was upgraded to a duchy in 1354. Since then it was controlled sometimes by the French and sometimes by the Habsburgs
In 1935, the Hellenic Air Force essentially did not exist. It had the Gloster Mars VI Nighthawks, built in 1919, with a maximum speed of 193 km/h and armed with two 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns as the main pursuers. These aircraft were completely incapable not only of operating, but even of flying, d
The 13th Light Bombardment Squadron was one of the Greek Squadrons that operated from the desert with the Allies in World War II. During her stay in N. Africa and the N. East until April 1944, she performed more than 1600 combat missions, exceeding 4550 flying hours in total. During this time the
The Hellenic Infantry has a long tradition of martial virtue. In 1940 he even wrote some of the most glorious pages of his history in the northern continental mountains. The Infantry is charged with the main mission during the battle. It is the only complete and able to fight by movement and fir
The National Guard was not in the best possible condition in 1974. Major responsibility for this situation lay with the government of Makarios, which did not contribute to the war preparations of Cypriot Hellenism. In the period 1964-1974, the Makarios government procured war material only from the
In 996 AD the Bulgarians, under Tsar Samuel, taking advantage of the involvement of the emperor Vasilios Bulgaroktonos with the Arabs, besieged Thessaloniki. However, unable to capture the well-fortified city, they moved south and plundered as far as Larissa, which they razed to the ground, literall
The decision of the Turks to invade Cyprus was made long before the coup against Makarios. The Turks, with their well-known oriental cunning, were simply waiting for the right conditions. The Turks knew the Greek weaknesses firsthand and exploited them to the fullest. For the occupation of Cypru
It is often thought that beer has its origins in the Germanic peoples, and that, due to the Roman Empire and the popularity of wine, beer did not begin to be produced and spread until shortly after the invasions of the so-called barbarians. Beer was already known many years before by civilizations a
The visitor to the plain of Paramythia, where the area is called airport, will hardly realize that about seven decades ago, the quiet of the small valley was awakened by the hum of engines and that some of the most brilliant pages of the Aviation History of the Second World War in Greece. There was
Now you will never be able to say that you have not been to a brothel... in Arvinas house . On the other hand, it did mark me the first time I lay alone with a woman. It was shortly after the first and disastrous stake. What anguish I went through. One lazy summer afternoon, my friend Labienus, Emi
The process of decolonization and independence of the European colonies extended over the Afro-Asian peoples occurred through a long process, which extends from the interwar period to the last third of the 20th century:first, in the Arab world; then among the countries of Asia, and finally in Africa