The Jokyu War is a battle in which the Kamakura Shogunate was opened and the samurai government was inaugurated, but Emperor Go-Toba tried to defeat the Shogunate in order to regain the politics centered on the Emperor.
Third Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo Emperor Go-Toba who saw the killing as a turmoil in the shogunate Is 1221 Hojo Yoshitoki I issued an inzen. However, there were few people on the side of the Emperor Emeritus, and in a short period of time he captured Kyoto and defeated the Emperor Emeritus.
After this battle, it was decided that the shogunate would have an advantage over the imperial court.
Unexpectedly hit a person (1221) Jokyu War ⇒ 1221 Jokyu War
I remember from the above puns, but what about you guys? ??
This time, the turning point of the Kamakura period, Jokyu War I will write about.
Probably the 2022 NHK Taiga drama [ The 13 Lords of the Kamakura ] But I think it will be taken up, so it may be good to read this article and prepare for it. (Maybe the second half ...)
Emperor Go-Toba's speculation and expansion of power
Emperor Go-Toba was thinking of taking control of the Kamakura Shogunate, which is in control of politics every day, and pulling out the pro-government of the former emeritus.
Therefore, Emperor Go-Toba tried to strengthen the influence of the imperial court by the third shogun, Minamoto no Sanetomo . Approaching.
Minamoto no Sanetomo was talented in waka poetry enough to create a collection of Kinkai waka poems, and Emperor Go-Toba was also good at waka poems. Partly because of that, the relationship between the two was good, and Emperor Go-Toba was very friendly to the real morning, such as presenting his daughter as a wife and appointing him as the Minister of the Right.
In addition, Emperor Go-Toba was trying to expand the territory and cooperate with the military in the wake of the power struggle within the Kamakura Shogunate. He put together the dispersed Emperor's territory to secure funds and set up a traditional group of samurai on the north and west.
Until now, villas in various places have donated to the imperial family, aristocrats, and temples, which was also the source of income for Emperor Go-Toba. ..
Internal conflict of the Kamakura Shogunate
Since it was Mr. Hojo, who was in charge of the experiment, who was in charge of this villa policy, Emperor Go-Toba came to think about subduing the Kamakura Shogunate in order to eliminate Mr. Hojo.
The chance to subdue the Shogunate is 1219 I visited. At this time, Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo was assassinated by Yoriie and Kugyō in the Shogunate.
After thinking that if there was a civil war in the shogunate, the gokenins would fight each other and the imperial court would be able to take advantage of it, Emperor Go-Toba put the shogunate down. The authority at this time was Hojo Yoshitoki, the main character of the taiga drama.
Jōkyu War outbreak and defeat
1221 In addition, Emperor Go-Toba issues a decree to subdue Yoshitoki to a leading gokenin. In addition, the imperial court also issued an official declaration to subdue Yoshitoki, and the Jōkyu War began.
The general of Emperor Go-Toba is Hideyasu Fujiwara So, I was staying in Kyoto at a good time Miura Taneyoshi He also led a soldier into the war. However, when the expected forces started without being on their side, Kamakura was in an advantageous situation.
In addition, Hojo Masako's famous speech was extremely effective, and the Kamakura gokenins strengthened their unity. Minamoto no Yoritomo's wife, Hojo Masako, preaches Yoritomo's grace and calls for unity, and three days after the speech, Hojo Yoshitoki sends more than 200,000 troops to Kyoto.
Here is the speech that Masako Hojo called.
Even if I write the original text, I don't know what I'm saying, so I'll try to translate it into modern language.
Everyone, listen with one heart.
This is my last word. After defeating the Taira clan, the late enemy of the morning, and opening the shogunate in the Kanto region, the late Yoritomo received the official position from the imperial court and was given a salary. The feeling of reward should not be shallow.
However, Go-Tobain has now been accused of the unrighteousness of the shogunate's revenge by the praises of the rebels. If you are a gokenin who misses your name, you should immediately defeat Hideyasu Fujiwara, Taneyoshi Miura, etc. who made such a false statement, and complete the work of the third shogun who died.
However, if anyone wants to be on your side at the institute, just reveal it and leave this place
There are various theories, but it is said that Hojo Masako made a speech in front of a large number of Gokenins, and that a leading Gokenin of the Shogunate read the above statement in front of Masako.
These gokenins, who were impressed by Hojo Masako's words, confronted each other in the Uji River and collided with Emperor Go-Toba's army.
Postwar processing of Jokyu War and expansion of control of the Kamakura Shogunate
After losing the battle, Emperor Go-Toba and his followers were sentenced to severe punishment.
Mastermind Emperor Go-Toba To the island of Oki, Emperor Emeritus Shunde involved in the plan Was exiled to Sado Island. At this time, Emperor Emeritus Tsuchimika was against the defeat. He also volunteered and was sent to Sado.
In addition, the aristocrats of the Emperor Emeritus are also exiled and guilty of death.
Also, the Emperor Emeritus's general, Hideyasu Fujiwara Many of the Gokenins of the West have been purged and banished.
Naturally, the western villas of the emeritus, aristocrats, and gokenins were also eaten, and the eastern gokenins were assigned to each. The western villas, which could not be influenced before the Jokyu War, were successfully controlled by the Kamakura Shogunate.
Furthermore, the Kamakura Shogunate has decided to prevent disturbing movements in Kyoto in the future [ Rokuhara Tandai . ], A department to monitor the imperial court in Kyoto and the Gokenins of the West. The head of the Rokuhara Tandai is [ Rokuhara Tandai ], And was selected from the Hojo Ichimon for generations.
What was brought about by this Jōkyu War ...
- Establishment of samurai government
- Power concentration of Hojo clan
- Expanding the power of the Shogunate
Let's hold down these three important points.
Hojo's politics of authority was established by this turmoil of Jōkyu, and then by Hojo Yoshitoki's child, Yasutoki, [ Goseibai Shikimoku ], Japan's first samurai law was also enacted.
By the way, the puns are ...
Hitofumi (1232) Goseibai Shikimoku
The end of Emperor Go-Toba
After the desire to regain the power of the imperial court, Emperor Go-Toba's wish was vain, and the power of the imperial court was cut off by the Hojo clan.
On the other hand, after being washed away on the island of Oki, Emperor Go-Toba died on the island for 60 years without returning to Kyoto, and the waka poems that Emperor Go-Toba read on the island are reported ...
"I am Mori Niijima, the rough sea of Okinoumi, blow with my heart"
[ I am the new island keeper of this island. Blow the rough sea breeze of Okinoumi with your heart] In that sense, the lonely feelings of Emperor Go-Toba on the island of Oki are conveyed. Emperor Go-Toba, who was proud of his power in the center of Kyoto, is a waka poem that is heartbreaking considering his feelings of living with a few servants on the island of Oki.
Justice that changes from time to time as understood by the Jokyu War
In the Jokyu War, both Emperor Go-Toba and the Kamakura Shogunate had a cause.
The cause for Emperor Go-Toba is not allowed to be neglected without a court to rule Japan . was. After all, since it was the time when the first samurai government was born in Japan, it wouldn't be like the Muromachi / Edo Shogunate ...
On the other hand, from the perspective of Hojo Yoshitoki and Masako of the Kamakura Shogunate, it is necessary to protect the safety of the Gokenins who follow the Genke Hojo from Emperor Go-Toba, who threatens the administration and territory that he has established and disturbs peace. Is a mission.
As a result, the Kamakura Shogunate side won the Jokyu War, and Emperor Go-Toba was swept to the island of Oki.
A history book compiled by the later center of the Kamakura Shogunate [ Azuma Kagami ] Then, Emperor Go-Toba's [ Rebellion In the Meiji and Taisho eras, when the politics returned to the Emperor-centered politics, Hojo Yoshitoki of the Kamakura Shogunate was rebellious against the Emperor . It was the mainstream that Emperor Go-Toba was the victim.
What I want to say here is when we have disagreements with friends, family, workplace, etc. [ I am absolutely right ] Instead of thinking, if you can listen to and listen to the opinions of the other party, you may be able to avoid unnecessary conflicts.
If you have a conflict of opinions and are about to have a fight, take a breath, listen carefully to the other person's story, and think again from the other person's point of view, and the result should not be bad.