The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, unlike the countries of Western Europe, did not participate in the race for overseas colonies, nor did it profit from the slave trade from distant continents. This does not mean, however, that such people did not end up in the country of the Sarmatians. Most often
The ubiquitous smell of sulfur and burning corpses. The groans of the dying and the cry of those who persistently cling to life. Church bells ringing and the whistle of whips lashing the flesh of sinners. A picture of hell circles? No, its a day in the life of a plague doctor. People have always
When King Charles II woke up feeling unwell, he did not expect that he would soon die ... at the hands of the court medics! This is why a doctor should not be trusted not only in the Middle Ages! The tragic end of Charles II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, began on February 2, 1685. It w
After the War of Independence ended with the Peace of Versailles in 1783, the Americans gained new territories over which the British had so far ruled. A huge, resource-rich territory northwest of the Ohio River was waiting for white settlers. In mid-August, the Reverend Manasseh Cutler arrived
Stalin was a lousy husband and father who failed to make any member of his family happy. Moreover, he killed his second wife, Nadezhda, and actually sentenced Yakovs son to death. Stalins first love was the Georgian woman Ekaterina Swanidze, with her brother the future dictator studied at the sp
Severe injuries, aggression, extreme brutality and ... human sacrifice. The Maya understood the game of football in a specific way, so it is no wonder that the Church condemned entertainment very quickly. What was the oldest team game ever like? If today the biggest television stations broadcast
Crowds of lovers passed through Stanisław August Poniatowskis bedroom. Although every step of the monarch was carefully recorded, even the most inquisitive observers of his life were unable to count how many women had an affair with Stanisław August. Especially since the king often had several lover
Until recently, it was widely believed that there were no homosexuals in old Poland. However, this view needs to be verified:there are sources that even mention cases of bringing sodomites to trial and punishing them with death. The only question is:what exactly was meant by sodomy? We should star
During the Polish-Bolshevik war, life in Warsaw had to go its own way. On the one hand, full mobilization and passionate patriotism, on the other - the prose of life. What was Warsaw like on the eve of the 18th most important battle in the history of the world? At the beginning of July, the troo
He went down in history as a murderous sexual degener who took pleasure in mistreating Christians and set fire to Rome for fun. Overcome by madness, he watched the fire, continuing to sing and play the lyre ... In addition, he killed his mother, brother and two wives, and in his spare time he harass
Wreaths on the water on Kupała Night, sacred groves, haircuts of adolescent boys - these are typical ideas about the rituals of ancient Slavs living on the Vistula and Oder. The romantic vision of the customs and religion of our ancestors was shaped by literary works, including the famous Old Fairy
The piety of the Jagiellonians is often mentioned as one of the main family traits. We know that Władysław Jagiełło and Queen Sonka devoted a lot of attention to spiritual issues, and they raised their children in the cult of their ancestors - defenders of Christianity. They did it for a reason!
In December 1970, more than 2,000 press titles around the world carried sensational information regarding the possible identity of Jack the Ripper, which had remained unknown since 1888, the time he committed the brutal murders. Journalists hypothesized that the criminal was a member of the British
Arkady Fiedler, Wanda Rutkiewicz or Maria Skłodowska-Curie are one of the most recognizable Polish explorers of the world of nature, sports and science. However, many surnames of Poles who are famous in the world and merited for the good of humanity still remain, widely unknown in our country. Check
“They say the greatest orgasm is death, so I hope well have a great pleasure to die together,” wrote one of Jim Joness followers. Soon her dream came true. More than 900 members of the Temple of the People sect committed suicide at the behest of their guru. But are you sure they took their own lives
During the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans used many types of secret, prototype and unusual weapons. To destroy the city they used the heaviest 600 mm Karl-Gerät mortar, rockets with napalm and remote-controlled mines Goliath. Units intended to blow up and set fire to barricades, buildings and cellars,
Caesarean sections were performed in antiquity, but they became safe only recently ... In which one extremely durable inhabitant of Holstein helped a lot. Caesarean sections were performed long before Christ was born in many ancient civilizations. Be it for religious and cultural reasons, or by
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, homosexuals from European ruling families were forced into marriage. Admittedly, wives did not attract their husbands, but more important than love was the begetting of children and the continuation of the dynasty. The reason for this matrimonial policy was
The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a period when the anatomy schools flourished in England. The number of facilities enabling medical students to educate and first practice on the bodies of the deceased has increased significantly. This sudden increase in schools was associated with an inc
In the 14th century, when the plague was taking its toll, 90 percent of Western Europeans lived off the land, mainly as farmers. Intelligence was then very small (probably not considered true Western Europeans). If you were a fourteenth-century peasant and someone said to you, Live in the gutter and
The movies got us used to the image of the pirate as a cute, if somewhat crude brawler. Unrestricted freedom, tropical holidays, a girl in every port ... There is not much truth in this vision. Pirates paid for freedom with a noose, malaria raged in the Caribbean, all suffered from rheumatism and di
Legend says that Emperor Justinian received the plans for the expansion of the temple, considered to be one of the most beautiful religious buildings of the first millennium AD, from a host of angels. But the story, as improbable as it is, may in some ways be true. Because Hagia Sophia is a truly di
The Hitlerjugend o Hitler Youth were the infant army of Nazi Germany. The youth of Germany were not exempt from the attention of the Nazi party or the regime at any time. Faithful unto death, the members of the Hitler Youth were the future of the country and its showcase, but they were also its cann
Little details could say it all. Which woman slept with a German, did business with the occupation authorities, or did illegal business? It was enough to look at ... After the outbreak of World War II and the German occupation of the country, Poles began to get impoverished very quickly. It was