In 1898, a mysterious murder occurred in Gatton, a quiet Australian town. The perpetrators have never been found. During the investigation, incestuous connections between the killed siblings came to light. There are many indications that their parents and even a local priest were involved! Origi
Todays disputes over the Warsaw Uprising only seemingly have a high temperature. Really heated discussions took place in August 1944. Their meaning was searched during breaks between fights. And even in the first days of the fighting, many soldiers were not able to find this sense ... We are wait
The Battle of Warsaw could be won a month earlier and it is six hundred kilometers from the capital. If it happened in the outskirts of the metropolis, it was not the fault of Lenin, but because of the inflated ego of Józef Piłsudski. Such a version of the story is not spoken of loudly. However, the
Everyone has heard of the forbidden books index. But how did church censorship work in practice? How were official prohibitions implemented to protect innocent souls from sinful reading? The answers to these questions are not obvious even to historians. Thanks to Izabela Wienceks research, we at lea
Lets assume that the Polish soldiers could stop the German offensive, and maybe even launch an effective counterattack. It wouldnt change anything. The fate of the September campaign was decided on the very first day. There is no doubt that Stalin intended to regain the territories lost by Russi
The beginning of the 14th century, France at the height of its power. King Philip IV the Beautiful subjugated the Pope and seemed to be the most powerful ruler of Europe. And then suddenly there was a procession of defeats, tragedies and humiliations. In a short time, the monarchy lost almost everyt
Sellers, collaborators, traitors. Such epithets for decades in the Soviet Union, and then in Russia, were used to describe prisoners of war from the Red Army who crossed over to the German side. Why did they do that? Was it Stalin who pushed them into Hitlers arms? The staggering successes of th
We seem to treat Jews the same way as the Nazis, except that we do not exterminate them, wrote President Trumans special envoy in late August 1945. He spoke about the situation of camp prisoners who ... were still in them. And he was not exaggerating at all. During the last weeks of World War II
It has been accepted that the soldiers of Anders army are collectively called Poles. The Polish army established in the USSR, however, consisted of representatives of many nationalities, former citizens of the Second Polish Republic. Some deserted, others died for their common homeland. Its worth re
We are all children of God. And sometimes it happened that the Pope. Not very holy fathers found powerful spouses for their children and ensured rich principalities. Time to get to know the Vaticans Renaissance bastards. Nepotism in the Vatican way Papal Nepotism, or the custom of appointing r
The Germans were not the only anti-Semites in pre-war Europe. Politicians from other countries also devised radical, inhuman and often simply absurd solutions to the Jewish question. Romania, the Soviet Union and also - Poland. In 1939, nearly 10 million Jews lived in Europe, but their number d
In the German concentration camp, Auschwitz, he reconciled the hating Polish socialists and nationalists. He united them with a common vision of working for the Republic of Poland and against a common enemy. Who could he vote for in the parliamentary elections in free Poland? On December 24, 194
KL Auschwitz-Birkenau - a death factory and a symbol of the Holocaust. It seems that the main task of the camp was the final solution of the Jewish question. In Auschwitz, however, as in any self-respecting enterprise, material gains were also important. And not just any profits. When we think a
You are 30 years old, life in order and suddenly you hear:You are the son of Adolf Hitler. Who, how who, but a natural mother should believe in such matters. Especially when he talks about it almost on his deathbed. Jean-Marie Loret had such a story. Very difficult for a French patriot. Our hero
The first great pogrom against Jews took place in occupied Poland. The roots of the German criminal idea, however, go back to the times when Hitler was only a teenager. The Germans rigorously separated the supposedly better racially people from the inferior. Penalties were introduced for intimat
Meat in canteens seasoned with uranium salts and anthrax, poisonous cosmetics or Nur für Deutsche rail cars contaminated with deadly germs. This is only part of the arsenal of unconventional means used in biological warfare that the commander of the Home Army declared against Germany. We can fin
Racial purity at all costs. Belief in inherent superiority over neighboring nations. And bestial crimes against thousands of victims, justified by one shocking argument:we kill Slavic subhumans, so nothing bad happens. This is the German vision of the world in the middle of the 10th century. Hun
Avoid Polish girls, or they will drag you into an ambush, where you will lose your weapons and even your life. This is how the German authorities warned their soldiers coming on vacation to occupied Warsaw. They did not take these warnings seriously. And Polish prostitutes already knew how take adva
The Jews hiding in occupied Warsaw trembled with fear not only of the German services, but also of the Polish officers. The historian Jan Grabowski sheds light on the role played by the Polish Criminal Police in the hunt for Jews. A service largely composed of pre-war crime hunters. In the Secon
We have already written about the brutal rapes committed by Soviet soldiers on the Germans in the final phase of World War II. However, thousands of women of other nationalities were also victims of the Red Army soldiers. Polish women were no exception. Poland found itself in a different situation
Clarence Smoyer, a tanker of the US 3rd Spearhead Armored Division, was a quiet boy from Pennsylvania. Since arriving in Europe in 1944, his Shermans crew have fought hard on the West Wall and the Ardennes, watching the Americans die in an unequal encounter with German tanks. September 2, 1944.
The Roman legionaries had all the might of the Eternal City behind them. They came to Germania as victors, wanting to consolidate their power in the new province. They did not know, however, that a traitor was lurking between them. And that it is setting a death trap for them ... For Rome, for c
![Rapes on men in pre-war Poland [18+]](/article/uploadfiles/202207/2022072019593343_S.jpg)
“A man may also be subject to sexual abuse. It may happen that a woman will commit lewd acts against a man, which for this purpose she will make into a state of defenselessness or unconsciousness, warned in 1925 a Vilnius law professor. How many such cases have there been? How were the perpetrators
The new Mathesis course The Antikythera Mechanism was created out of the love of a special person who is no longer with us for astronomy and archaeology, and was completed with the help of friends who generously participated in this effort. Giannis Seiradakis researched the Antikythera Mechanism li