They were separated from their families, kept in inhumane conditions. For thousands of German and Polish children, the war nightmare did not end in 1945. Thats when it really started. In concentration camps created by the communist authorities, intended for forcibly displaced people, children co
The communist authorities knew that Poles did not think about pity. The Germans had to prepare for the worst. And in many cases this is exactly what happened to them. Is it deserved? 1. Lock up in camps According to the 13th article of the Potsdam Conference, three and a half million Germans f
This book should not come out. It is not easy and fun. It does not prove that Polish concentration camps did not exist. It does not deny the bestiality and cruelty of the Polish guards. He does not say that with the liberation by the Red Army, the time of macabre camps in Poland ended. Marek Łus
The young democracy of the 1990s provided the ideal conditions for a rapid career in politics. But it was just as easy to fall down and not get up. Scandals, especially sexual ones, were immediately picked up by the media. Subsequent scandals proved that there are no unsinkable politicians ... excep
The holy war is not only fought in Syria, Iraq or Libya. He is also more and more boldly visiting Europe. Islamic extremists strike big metropolises and take part in European wars. The battalions dominated by them are fighting just outside Poland. Islamic fighters first appeared in Europe in the
Freedom, equality, fraternity ... and the guillotine. The modern decapitation machine was initially a symbol of progress. She quickly turned into an instrument of terror, beheading the royal heads as ruthlessly as the bourgeoisie. Until she finally turned against the children of the revolution. Exac
Deleting non-existent victims from historical works will not be able to erase from our memory the ordeal of exiles. However, history must be written honestly. Even when the documents contradict Polish tradition and statements repeated from generation to generation. If youre a bloody dictator sniff
When the pope called for the organization of the first crusade, in a fiery speech he assured the pilgrims that ... they would dare with the treasures of their enemies. He sensed the demand well. Many knights went to the Holy Land only to make a private fortune. But did they actually succeed? The
Janina hesitated, not sure if she should mention it. But finally she did. And thats with details. It was different here half a century ago, not as quiet as it is today. These words start the story of a nurse who knew Kobierzyn better than anyone else. She spent almost her entire life in an institu
If you think that a procession of Shiite flagellants or Filipino volunteers hanging on crosses is the pinnacle of religious masochism, then meet the scopceas, valesians and priests of Cybele. For they were ready to sacrifice much more than just their souls for the sake of religion. According to
It is hard to believe that there were people who had no qualms about earning money on the blood and tears of their own nation. And it does not comfort at all that usually their fortune turned out to be extremely fragile ... The Office for Fighting Usury and Speculation (the so-called Trzynastka)
The image of the Little Insurgent moves you to tears? Why then, when you see a black toddler with a gun, you say barbarism? It is impossible to count how many children took part in the Warsaw Uprising, just as it is impossible to determine how many small soldiers were killed. One thing is certai
Józef Piłsudski was famous for his sharp tongue. Piss you chickens, not make politics is only the most famous of his bon mots. This time, however, he exaggerated. The text that came out of his hand could compromise him forever in the eyes of his subordinates and comrades-in-arms. President Wojci
When a treaty was imposed on Hungarians in June 1920 and they lost two-thirds of their territory, people wept in the streets, declaring:I believe in the resurrection of old Hungary! And although they prayed to God for it, they looked for help in regaining the lost lands elsewhere ... A well-know
Revealing the secrets and rituals of the Freemasons could only be a literary game for the famous Jules Verne. He continued it even when his relatives began to die ... Did the lesson the Russians taught him teach the writer anything? Today, the work of Jules Verne seems completely harmless. For e
Twenty-five million Romanians in 2000 - this was the goal of Nicolae Ceauşescus society. The communist dictator, with his satanic decree, killed over ten thousand women, and condemned two million little ones to a traumatic childhood. He had eight siblings, an adventurer father and a humble mothe
It is easy to throw the responsibility on the war that blunts human reflexes, on the brutality of the enemy and the sins of nationalism. But is this the whole explanation for the enormity of the crime committed in 1943? Various arguments are used in the discussion about the causes of the Volhyni
Belief in progress or simple decency? Hermetic discoveries or the fate of people locked in a besieged city? These researchers did not hesitate to make a choice. If war broke out today, would it be similar? The German blockade of Leningrad caused enormous famine in the city. In the most dramatic
A cardinal in the service of Hitler. The Holy Father who never dared to oppose Nazism. Such an image of Pius XII, the wartime pope, is well known. However, it is far from the truth. The head of the Catholic Church was fully aware of the horror of Nazism. And he knew that everything - absolutely ever
When the war broke out, all matters and issues were to be relegated to the background. Even for the communists it seemed that the Nazis were the deadly enemy. However, there was no question of close cooperation between the democratic forces and the supporters of the Soviets. Whats worse - some were
Vodka is undoubtedly the favorite alcohol of Russians and Poles. Apparently, our compatriots created spirits, but the Russians claim that they invented this alcoholic drink. Is it possible to settle this dispute? In 1978, the Peoples Republic of Poland asked international arbitration bodies to g
If you believe American researchers, the universe of Star Wars is filled with racist, anti-Semitic and all sorts of phobic content. Jar Jar Binks a caricature of the black people of the Caribbean? Yoda the stereotypical Jew? And in A New Hope all the actors were white ... Coincidence? Particular
Ancient Egypt attracts us with its mystery and wealth. From the very beginning, its inhabitants paid great attention not to dissolve into thin air after death. This is why, throughout this ancient civilization, they have perfected ways of keeping the body in the best possible state after death. Mumm
A driver in Poland does not have an easy life. Not only are the fuels expensive, but also our roads still leave a lot to be desired. And when there is a nice piece of asphalt, they will put up a speed camera. Maybe it was a poor consolation, but Polish motorists in the interwar period had much worse