Exercises on the Eastern Schism

(Fuvest) From the Great Schism suffered by Christianity in the 11th century, resulted:

a) the establishment of the courts of the Inquisition by the Catholic Church.

b) the Protestant Reformation, which led to the breakdown of the unity of the Catholic Church in Western Europe.

c) the heresy of the Albigensians, condemned by Pope Innocent II.

d) the division of the Church into Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox.

e) the Investiture Quarrel, which prohibited the investiture of clerics by laypeople.

The occurrence of the Schism between the Church of the East and the Catholic Church (or that of the West) resulted from a series of political and theological differences. Among the latter was:

a) the absence of the liturgical ritual of the Mass in the Church of the East.

b) the non-acceptance of the New Testament by the Church of the West.

c) the non-acceptance of the Old Testament by the Church of the East.

d) the way of conceiving the creation of the world by God.

e) the way to understand the emanation of the Holy Spirit.

(Mackenzie) The year 1054 was marked by the "Eastern Schism". After a long process of conflicts, the rupture between the Roman papacy and the Patriarch of Constantinople took place, causing:

a) the creation of the Greek Orthodox Christian Church.

b) the transfer of the seat of the papacy to the city of Avignon.

c) the conflict called Querela das Investiduras.

d) the foundation of the Protestant Christian Church.

e) the division of the Clergy into secular orthodox and regular monastic.

As far as political aspects are concerned, the Eastern Orthodox Church had a way of looking at political power that essentially diverged from the Catholic Church. The main point of divergence was:

a) on the grounds that the emperor was also God and should be worshiped alongside the figure of the Christian God.

b) in the non-exact delimitation between secular power and spiritual power, which was marked by the phenomenon of cesaropapism.

c) on the idea that Constantinople should be the political and religious center of the world.

d) on the idea that the Roman Catholic Church had no repertoire of notions of administrations, so it had to be aided by the Orthodox Church.

e) on the idea advocated by St. Augustine that secular and spiritual powers should be merged into one power.

Letter D

With the split of Christian unity between the western and eastern matrices, the so-called development of the Roman Catholic Church in the West took place, whose linguistic foundation was Latin, and the Orthodox Church, of Greek linguistic matrix . In addition to this cultural difference, there were also important liturgical, theological, and political differences between the two churches.

Letter E

While the Catholic Church holds the interpretation that the Holy Spirit emanates from the person of the Father and the person of the Son from all eternity, the Orthodox Church defends the interpretation that the Holy Spirit emanates only from the Father , the latter having a higher position than the Son in the scheme of the Trinity.

Letter A

The Greek Orthodox Church was created as a way of legitimizing the theological and political orientations defended by the Church of the East, of Greek origin. To this day the Orthodox Church maintains its convictions and has a presence in countries such as Greece and Russia.

Letter B

The Catholic Church, in essence, conceives the idea, derived from the thought of Saint Augustine, that spiritual power (the City of God) cannot be confused with secular (or earthly, City of God) power. of Men). Therefore, the authority of the Pope, for Catholics, is the authority of a spiritual leader above all – even if it comes to have political representation. In the case of the orthodox, the figure of the emperor was seen as chosen by the divinity itself, so that he had both spiritual power and temporal, secular power. This phenomenon was called cesaropapism.