Exercises on the Puritan Revolution

(Unesp-SP) ... the period between The 1640s and 1660s saw the destruction of one type of state and the introduction of a new political framework within which capitalism could develop freely.

HILL, Christopher. The English Revolution of 1640 . Lisbon, Presença, 1981.

The author of the text is referring:

1. the strength of the British navy, the greatest naval power in the Modern Period.

2. to the control by the English crown of the extension of colonial areas .

3. at the end of the absolutist monarchy, with the increasing supremacy parliament policy.

4. to the development of the textile industry, especially wool.

5. to the disputes between commercial and agrarian bourgeoisie, which characterized the period.

(Unifesp-SP) In other European monarchies, one seeks to win the king's benevolence; in England, the king seeks to win the benevolence [of the House] of Commons.”

DELEYRE, Alexandre. Tableau de l'Europe . 1774.

This difference between the English monarchy and those of the mainland is due to:

1. to King George III who, stricken by a long period of madness, became dependent on Parliament to govern .

2. to the fact that the house of Hannover, due to its German origin, enjoys little legitimacy to impose on the English the enlightened despotism.

3. the beginning of the rebellion of the English colonies in North America against the monarch, which forced him to make concessions.

4. the peculiarity of English political evolution which, thanks to the Magna Carta, did not go through the phase of absolutist monarchy.

5. to the political revolutions of 1640 (Puritan) and 1688 (Gloriosa), which stripped the king of the power to override Parliament.

Note the German cartoon below, satirizing the leader of the English Puritan Revolution, Oliver Cromwell, and, according to his historical knowledge, answer the following question.

German charge on Oliver Cromwell

It is possible to say that the artist, in satirizing Cromwell, was relating him to the fact that the self-styled Lord Protector:

1. becoming King of England.

2. having cut off Carlos I's head.

3. became a dictator during the English Republic.

4. have reinstated the monarchy.

5. Having reopened Parliament.

Read the excerpt below and answer the following question.

“[...] Before we were ruled by a king, lords and common, we are now by a general, a court-martial and the House of Commons; and I ask you to tell me where the difference is! [...]”

Leveller Pamphlet. In:HILL, Christopher.The world upside down . São Paulo:Companhia das Letras, 1991.

The excerpt from the pamphlet distributed at the time of the Puritan Revolution presents, at the same time, the changes policies resulting from the revolutionary process and the maintenance of the popular mass distancing from power. Regarding this revolutionary process, it is incorrect to say:

1. that after the execution of Charles I, Cromwell's armies decreed the end of the English monarchy and the proclamation of a republican government.

2. that a civil war was established in which royal troops faced popular fronts armed by parliament.

3. that moderates were excluded from parliament after the Republic was established and Oliver Cromwell was hailed as president of the new Council of State or Commonwealth.

4. that the beginning of the conflict was due to the fact that Charles I refused to close the Parliament, even that his advisers have indicated that there is a point of tension there.

Letter C. With the Puritan Revolution, led by Oliver Cromwell in the period mentioned, the English Parliament became the main political institution in England, subjugating the king.

Letter E. The two mentioned revolutions put an end to the absolutist monarchy in England, opening the period of constitutional monarchy, with a greater power of Parliament than of the king.

Letter C. After deposing Charles I and becoming president of the Council of State, Oliver Cromwell ended up becoming dictator of England until his death, seeking to overcome opposition to his government.

Letter D. Contrary to what the alternative claims, it was precisely Charles I's attempt to close Parliament that unleashed the civil war known as the Puritan Revolution.