Sathing Phra Ancient Community

Terrain

General condition

Sathing Phra Ancient City is an ancient city surrounded by a moat. It is located on the central (largest) sandbar of Sathing Phra Peninsula. which is separated between the Gulf of Thailand and Songkhla Lake The ancient town is about 500 meters from the Gulf of Thailand and 3,500 meters from Songkhla Lake.

The ancient city was a quadrilateral. North is 280 meters wide, East is 270 meters wide, South is 305 meters wide and West is 275 meters.

Currently, there is a Highway No. 4-83 that cuts through the eastern part of the city. The present city area is plain. The western moat is still noticeable, but the condition is very shallow. while some of the moat has been covered, especially the eastern moat. And within the city there are agricultural areas, houses, schools (4 municipal schools and Sathing Phra Wittaya School)

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Sathing Phra Canal, Gulf of Thailand, Songkhla Lake

Geological conditions

The Sathing Phra peninsula was a land that had just emerged during the Holocene period. Or about 10,000-5,000 years ago, caused by the deposition of marine sediment (marine sediment), which has been influenced by wind waves, bringing sand to shore. causing the land to grow out into a sand dunes, protruding into the sea became a sandbar, which was higher than the surrounding area But the blowing of sand to deposit is uneven. Therefore, there are some areas where sand dunes are missing, causing unequal lines. first streak of sand (San Sai Riew 1) is the closest to the Gulf of Thailand. Next to it is a large sandbar or middle sandbar. (San Sai Rii No. 2) next to it is a San Sai Riew Lek. (San Sai Rii No. 3) On the sand dunes there is sandy soil. Suitable for settlement and trade by sea. because it is suitable as a shelter from the wind In addition, there is an area that separates the 2nd and 3rd sandbars from each other, called "Klang Klang". Suitable for agriculture

Sathing Phra Ancient City is located on the narrowest point of the central old sandbar. It is the selection of the appropriate location, that is, on the highest part of the area. thus not wasting agricultural land and near natural waterways. No need to dig a moat and use it as a transport route immediately. The appearance of the sand dunes is a curved humpback style. The highest part of the dunes is in the middle of the ancient city. which is now the location of the school in the city which is a local school Sand dunes gradually slope down on both sides. East side to the Gulf of Thailand It is a sandy beach which is constantly being built. It's a chain that is connected to each other. From the sandy beach to the old beach then apocalyptic until an old sandbar Therefore, the area on this sandbar So the clay set is the Regosole set and the Griund Water Podzols are different from the west. The area beyond the sandbar is lower than the sandbar, about 1.5 meters, on average, is a lowland area (Project 1979:30) is a farming area. and continue to the flat ground next to the lake Which is brackish soil and mangrove forests

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Sathing Phra Ancient City is an ancient city surrounded by a moat that is unequal in shape. The northern city is 280 meters long, 270 meters east, 305 meters south and 275 meters west, located on the central (largest) sandbar of the Sathing Phra Peninsula. From the survey and excavation of archaeological evidence that is likely to be dated from the 11th-12th Buddhist century onwards until the 19th Buddhist century or down to the Ayutthaya period (Suriporn Chotthammamo 2002; Nunnapang Chumdee 1997 :41)

Important archaeological evidence is:

1. A moat surrounds the ancient city. The north is 280 meters, the east is 270 meters, the south is 305 meters, and the west is 275 meters.

2. Remains of brick architecture Laying the foundation with compacted gravel

3. Clay container

-Traditional pottery, clay texture, rope pattern, scratching pattern, color writing pattern

- scraps of earthenware Double grooved lines on the surface of the vessel are characters read "Ke" in Sanskrit, Pallava, surrounded by a circle (Figure 53).

-A round pot-shaped earthenware container

- Chinese wares The Tang, Sung, Yuan, and Ming dynasties

-Sangkhalok machine

-Ears and spouts of the Tang Dynasty

- Remnants of Long Chuan cups and Qingbai

- Marco Polo wares

-Terracotta pole

4. fierce rock

5. Weighted net

6. Terracotta

7. A crucible made of clay

8. Whetstone

9. Crushed stone platform and rollers

10. Stone beads

11.Metal

- Bronze parts

- Iron tools

-The molten iron is mixed with the molten glass.

-melted lead

- Hanging lantern, bronze

12. Glass beads A block of molten glass

13. Kaolin lump

14. Rice grain

15. Seeds

16. Shells

17. Animal bones

18. Charcoal

19. The stupa at the temple will leave the monks

20. Sculpture

-Sculpture of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara 4 Kor, made of bronze, height 10 cm

- Bronze sculpture of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, height 11.5 cm

-Head of Narai, bronze

- Bronze sculpture of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara 4 Kor

- Bronze sculpture of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara 4 Kor

-Sculpture of the Vajrasattva Bodhisattva in the attitude posture

-Sculpture of Bodhisattva Manchusri Siddhaikaveera

- Bronze sculpture of Thao Kuween.

- Bronze Bodhisattva Vajrasattva sculpture

- Bronze sculpture of Buddha in the attitude of subduing Mara, height 11.5 cm.

- Bronze sculpture of Buddha in the attitude of subduing Mara

-Buddha sculpture

-Personal bronze sculpture of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, gold glaze, Chinese art, height 9.4 centimeters

- Bronze sculpture of Buddha in meditation posture, height 10.5 cm.

- Bronze sculpture depicting the Bodhisattva Vajrasattva, height 12.5 cm.

- Bronze sculpture of Prachya Parmita

-Stone idol base

-Yonisila base

21. Mold

-The mold of the image of Thao Chumphon amulet

-Stone pattern mould.

22. Jewelry

-Ring made of stone

-Rings and glass beads

-Golden ring

From the study of Nuchnaphang Chumdi (1997) found that the ancient city of Sathing Phra has evidence of being a central city in the Sathing Phra Peninsula. The relationship with other communities is evident both within and outside the region. And the continued and prolonged urbanization shows that the community has developed into a complex structure.

The settlement factor was a moat surrounding the ancient city of Sathing Phra. likely to arise from being in the transportation routes of the Gulf of Thailand Although there may not be enough natural fresh water sources. For this reason, there are digs or ponds for consumption purposes.

Caving around the ancient city of Sathing Phra, namely Phang Sai Man in the north of the ancient city; Phang Lung in the northeast of the ancient city on a sandbar near the Gulf of Thailand. Pang Khaek Chee Tai or Engage It is in the southwest of the ancient city off the dunes. It is on the rice field near the sea. Phang Fam is in the southeast of Sathing Phra Ancient Town, outside the sandbar near the coast of the Gulf of Thailand. Pang Samet is in the southeast of Sathing Phra Ancient Town, outside the sandbar near the Gulf of Thailand.

Phang Khaek Chee is in the east of the ancient city of Sathing Phra. At present, it is the teacher's residence at Sathing Phra Wittaya School. have discovered ancient artifacts in the shape of Thao Kuween Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara image of Mrs. Sayam Tara including parts of the Bodhisattva cast in bronze and found several bronze stamps All mentioned antiques are Srivijaya art. Age around the 14-16th century, including Chinese porcelain fragments of the Sung and Ming dynasties Including Sukhothai period ceramics scattered everywhere (Sinchai Prajamsang 1997 :5)

Phang Nun is in the south of Pang Khaek Chee. On a field near the lake The artifacts found were Ganesh Buddha, carved from sandstone, 35 centimeters high, including fragments of earthenware scattered everywhere.

Phang Khaek Chee Lang is on the south side of Khok Muang. In this area, fragments of earthenware were found scattered everywhere. and also found parts of an ancient kettle Age around the 14th-16th Buddhist century (Sinchai Praewsaeng 1997 :5)

Phangfam is far southeast from the ancient city of Sathing Phra near the Gulf of Thailand. Ancient artifacts found include:Stone Buddha images, meditation postures and earthenware fragments are found scattered everywhere.

Phang Lung is in the northeast of the ancient city of Sathing Phra near the moat. Found an elephant pole and fragments of earthenware scattered everywhere.

There are also many ancient humps around Sathing Phra Ancient City on rice fields along the western and southwestern moats. near the southern moat or Sathing Phra Canal, including:

1. Khok Kham Than from the western moat There will be a Khok Noen with a big maca tree that is a hump called "Kok Kham Thaen". From the survey by the Archeological Survey Project and the Southern Archeological Sites, the Fine Arts Department did not find any artifacts.

2. Khok Kham Red Ant 130 meters from Khok Kham Than to the northwest. At the top of the hill is a large tamarind tree. Many bricks were found on the mound. Found fragments of clay pottery. There is a story that this area used to be a brick factory (Project 1979 :40).

3. Khok Phang Nian About 100 meters from Khok Kham Thaen to the southeastern direction of 250 degrees. Chinese porcelain during the Sung and Ming dynasties (Sinchai Prajamsang 1997 :5)

4. Khok Na Kwai, away from Khok Phang Nian To the far west, about 250 degrees, about 50 meters from the survey found large bricks and earthenware fragments (Project 1979 :40)

5. Khok Phang Cassia Away from the Khok Na Kwai to the southwest. From the survey (Project 1979:40) found fragments of earthenware and bricks. Near the area around the Khok Noen there are small patches all the time. Until there is a hill that is a termite hill as well.

6. Khok color flowers near the south-west moat It is close to the area of ​​the western moat that meets the southern moat with the canal. which is a water path leading from the southern moat to the lake The Khok Si Dok Mai area is about 0.5 meters higher than the neighboring area on average. The north side has been adjusted for agricultural land. Found that there were fragments of earthenware, tough (matte coating), shells, brick fragments, lumps of kaolin. As for the flower-colored hump, there is a brick line emerging from it. which may be a line of buildings that use brick materials (Project 1979 :41)

7. The bamboo hump is on the south side of the southern moat. It is a hump with many bamboo trees. From the survey, the fragments of clay pots and bricks were moderately thin (Project 1979 :41).

8. Khok Muang is next to the bamboo hump to the south. It is a big hump with big trees. Surrounded by small trees. Found bricks arranged in alternating zigzag lines, forming deep below the soil surface.