Taiga drama on June 7, 2020 [ Kirin ga Kuru ] Then, when Matsudaira Motoyasu was eating something that looked like Yuzuke after the war, and in the Imagawa Yoshimoto camp, the senior vassals were eating rice balls, and Mochizuki Toan and Koma were eating something like rice cakes. What were you eating? I wondered and investigated.
Foods that Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Ieyasu liked
Speaking of Nobunaga Oda, Hideyoshi Toyotomi, and Ieyasu Tokugawa, they are the Sanei-Ketsu of the Sengoku warlords.
When I looked up a lot of historical materials, I found that the taste of food also showed that personality. What kind of food did you like?
Oda Nobunaga likes a strong taste! ??
Nobunaga Oda, who liked the strong taste, pickled radish in miso And green onion miso I like it, and if it tastes a little light, it's watery . ] And he was furious.
Being a bloody activist, it may have been a thing that emphasized immediate effect in order to restore the body and mind.
He also ate konpeito and dried persimmons well, and while he liked salty foods, he seemed to be a sweet tooth.
Ieyasu Tokugawa, a health enthusiast, used barley rice as his staple food! !!
Ieyasu Tokugawa, who is famous for his health enthusiast, seems to have spent his life with barley rice. Mugimeshi contains vitamin b, calcium, and minerals, and because of its large size, it is difficult to digest unless it is chewed well.
Perhaps because of the success of barley rice and miso power, he loved 17 women throughout his life and maintained his physical strength and ability to run around Noyama until he was 75 years old and continued falconry.
The anecdote that he likes sea bream tempura was so famous that it was said that it was caused by the cause of death, tempura.
Monkeys liked octopuses! ?? Toyotomi Hideyoshi's favorite food
Toyotomi Hideyoshi's favorite food, which would have been the most successful in Japan, was miso-grilled octopus.
Octopus is effective in activating taurine and brain function, and recovering from fatigue, and it may have been the vitality of Hideyoshi's brain. He also said that he ate tiger meat before the war. Hideyoshi, who loves rare things and jumps right away, seems to have been the type of person who jumps right away when there is a new product.
In the later years after the unification of the world, I liked to eat porridge, which is said to be very digestible because it is made by crushing a grain of rice into one-third.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi was born in a peasant family and was so poor that he couldn't even eat barley rice when he was a child. He said he always said that.
Those who control food control the battle
One of the battles for the successor of the late Nobunaga [ Battle of Shizugatake ] Then, Hideyoshi, who was in Gifu, marched on the 52km road to Nagahama in 5 hours, Gifu's Great Return Is famous. Even in modern times, it takes at least 10 hours on foot. It's a surprise because it's 5 hours on an unpaved road.
There was Hideyoshi's nimble strategy in this big return.
To the peasants of the villages along the way from Ogaki to Nagahama, " Cook rice and give it to the soldiers passing by. Later, the reward will be multiplied by 10 I ordered. Therefore, the villagers all made rice balls and distributed them to the soldiers who passed along the highway, and the soldiers marched while chewing on them.
Hideyoshi, who was the first to reach the battlefield in a battle where speed depends on victory and defeat, won a splendid victory and unified the world.
Food needed for battle
In battle, you are forced to travel long distances.
Naturally, raw foods will rot because there was no refrigeration technology. Therefore, food was usually salted for longevity. Kenshin Uesugi Also my nemesis, Shingen Takeda Salt for the Warring States period, just like sending salt to Was indispensable.
Oda Nobunaga's salt intake
Japanese food has attracted attention due to its excellent nutritional balance, and has been eaten all over the world. However, the only drawback is that it has a high salt content.
Looking at the eating habits up to the 19th century, it seems that there were many salty foods such as grilled fish and pickles, and there were many people whose blood pressure increased with age. In the past, there was more manual labor than now, and in hot and humid Japan in the summer, it was absolutely necessary to take a lot of salt.
However, in the modern age of satiety, you can get enough salt without being aware of it, so it is inevitable that you will have too much salt if you have the same diet.
So how was it during the Warring States period?
In this era, not only Nobunaga, he lived a life of excessive salt.
In one survey, when I examined Oda Nobunaga's diet, he said that the daily salt content had reached 40 grams. This is Akechi Mitsuhide Is Honnoji Incident It was even said that he might have died suddenly in the near future even if he didn't wake up.
In fact, Kenshin Uesugi of Echigo is also excessively salted . By stroke It is said that.
Kenshin is a genuine umeboshi who licks umeboshi while drinking alcohol, and if he continues to live like this every day, he may die suddenly even if he is not in the Warring States period.
Salt was still an essential food
At a time when transportation and roads were underdeveloped, they had to march for tens of kilometers. Therefore, it was necessary to take more salt than modern humans to replenish the salt lost from the body.
In addition, salt was indispensable because there was no other way to preserve food for a long time other than salting.
Considering that, Shingen Takeda was based in a prefecture without the sea. It can be said that was a very disadvantageous condition. After the destruction of the Imagawa clan, they finally took possession of Suruga and had marine resources, but until then, they had no choice but to cultivate in a small land sandwiched between mountains.
In such areas, salt is valuable and one of the ways to preserve it is miso . To make. By processing salt into miso, you can manage it for a long time. That is why Shingen encouraged the making of miso in the territory.
Differences in food culture between the Warring States period and the Edo period
There are quite a few modern food cultures derived from the Edo period.
However, in the dietary situation of the Warring States period and the Edo period, the food production technology was not established, so it is completely different. The food of the Warring States period often does not produce the food itself, but it contains the taste and nutrients of the ingredients themselves.
Vitamin B1 is a typical nutrient, and beriberi has become popular among people since the middle of the Edo period when they started eating polished rice. To put it the other way around, he said that he had eaten brown rice, so there were no warlords or ashigaru who were worried about his legs.
In the Warring States period, two meals a day are common
We modern people eat three meals in the morning, day and night.
However, the people of the Warring States period had two meals in the morning and noon. This is common to both daimyo and ordinary people, and it is believed that three meals a day began in the Edo period.
Of course, instead of eating exactly twice a day, some people who were guarding at night during the battle were eating as a night meal. However, since it is basically twice a day, it remains a question whether the body had it in this era when it was full of battle.
The amount of one meal was very large
Some Sengoku daimyo said they ate five rice a day. Speaking of 5 go, it is calculated that 1.75 kg of rice is consumed by one person a day. You can see that if you eat this much, you can eat two meals a day.
As I mentioned earlier, what is rice from the Warring States period? [ Brown rice ] Therefore, it is not pearled like white rice, and the color of each grain is brownish. The colored part is "bran" which is also used for pickling in bran, and it is good for health because it contains abundant vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber compared to white rice.
By the way, it is thought that the cooking was done by mixing brown rice with grains such as Japanese millet, foxtail millet, and millet, and potatoes.
Since distribution, food processing, agriculture and livestock during the Warring States period were not as developed as they are today, we had to take nutrition from the staple foods of brown rice and millet, but brown rice containing plenty of nutrients I think it was the best.
Main foods of the Warring States period
So what exactly did the people of the Warring States period eat?
Indispensable for Japanese food [Miso]
Even today, miso is indispensable in Japan. Miso made by issuing soybeans has high shelf life because it contains salt, and was also useful in Sengoku earlobe.
The typical dish is [miso soup], and it was not uncommon to eat Nekomanma, which is made by sprinkling miso soup on rice, even during the Warring States period. * It is a different story whether it was called Nekomanma.
Date Masamune also felt the importance of miso, and built and manufactured [Miso Miso] with the aim of being self-sufficient in military miso. It is believed that Shingen Takeda also manufactured miso for military use, and is said to be the origin of Shinshu miso, a specialty of Nagano prefecture.
Mobile food in battle, Hyorogan
Hyorogan is said to have eaten even ordinary soldiers and ninjas.
It is shaped like a dumpling and was given to each soldier.
It seems that there are recipes depending on the region, but we mainly use water-exposed rice, buckwheat flour, millet flour, soybean flour, dried plums, sesame seeds, rapeseed, and honey, licorice, and sake as additives.
How to make Hyorogan is very easy. Mix the powdered (or pasted) ingredients into small spheres. It has a dry texture due to its low water content, and it was a calorie-oriented food that could be life-threatening. When it comes to war, food routes may be cut off or siege may occur. For such a time, the Sengoku daimyo developed their own Hyorogan.
Eating rope! ?? Zuiki rope
Usually used as a rope However, in the unlikely event that it becomes an emergency food, Zuiki rope The stems of potatoes such as taro are knitted like a band, simmered in miso, and then dried. Since the shape is "rope", it can be used to wrap it around the waist or to fix armor and luggage.
In case of emergency, tear it off and throw it into a pot, add water and bring it to a boil. The soaked miso will melt and the potato stalks will be softened by boiling water. In other words, if you have water, a pot, and a fire, you can enjoy miso soup made from potato stalks. If it wasn't even allowed to simmer, I could grab the Zuiki rope directly to replenish the calories and salt that are essential for sustaining life.
Farmers are not rice, but millet, Japanese millet, and large kara rice
On the other hand, it seems that the farmers did not eat miso and brown rice made from nuka, but ate millet and Japanese millet with wild vegetables and root vegetables that can be obtained in the surrounding area. In addition, red rice, which is called Dakar rice, was actively cultivated and used as food for farmers.
It is said that red rice is not delicious, but it is said that it has spread to poor farmers because of its high yield and low price.
The present age, which was said to be the age of satiety ...
The richness of eating habits far exceeds that of the Warring States period, but people who lived during the Warring States period enjoyed eating with as much ingredients as possible and prepared for the war.
I wonder if the body has a diet twice a day in the turbulent times of the Warring States, but the nutritious ingredients such as brown rice and miso nourished their spirit. He also used his wisdom to develop Hyorogan and Zuiki ropes in case of emergency.