The Chibcha or Muiscas culture developed on the Cundimarca plateau, in the current Republic of Colombia. This plateau is located in the middle of the Andean chain and determined by two important rivers:the Cauca and the Magdalena. , which fertilize the area. Chibcha or Muisca Culture Organization I
Upon the death of Alexander, one of his successors, Ptolemy Lagos, took over the government of Egypt, giving rise to the Lagid or Ptolemaic Dynasty and the Hellenistic kingdom of Egypt. 1. Periodization of the Egyptian Hellenistic era The history of Egypt in the Hellenistic era can be divided into
The Fourth Sacred War was between King Philip II of Macedon and Athens. The Macedonian kings troubles emboldened his enemies, who were preparing for war. In Macedonia, Filipo, during the summer of the year 339, found himself with a new situation that allowed him to intervene again in the affairs of
The Kingdom of Macedonia was the largest plain in the north of the Balkan Peninsula, famous for its cavalry. In the oldest times they were tribes of shepherds, partially nomadic, each endowed with its king, both a warrior and religious chief, later, they would become farmers, it was an aristocratic
The alphabet is a system of signs that expresses the elementary sounds of language. Its name comes from the Latin word alphabetum , formed with the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta. alphabetsource The idea of writing the consonants separately from the vowels ap
All alphabets can be traced back to a slightly different group of Semitic alphabets used in the Middle East, especially in Syria and Palestine . The most important for us was the Phoenician alphabet. , since Greek and Latin derive from it. Its origin has not been determined. The Semitic alphabet,
Phoenicia made her way through the only path that Nature had allowed her:the sea . The first Phoenician trade relations were with Egypt, known since ancient times. According to Vandersleyen the Hyksos were Canaanites (i.e. Phoenicians or its predecessors) and the Phoenician era XV dynasty intensifie
The sources on the Phoenician religion are multiple and come from various cities. There are two large groups of data for the study of the Phoenician religion: Those extracted from the Ugarit texts . These inform us about the epic-mythological poems that preceded the Phoenician era. The Ugaritic reli
The first mention of the Medo Empire and the Persians takes place in the campaigns of Shalmaneser III (circa 844 BC) when they come into conflict with the Assyrians, before the most brilliant period of civilization in Luristan. The region between Elam and Lake Urmia comprised four main regions: Ell
The organization of the Empire of Alexander the Great was delegated to different people since it was very extensive and indirectly governed each conquered territory. The immense Empire of Alexander was ideologically based on the idea of the hero . Alexanders monarchy had a multiple character, si
The death of Alexander the Great, which occurred, as was said, unexpectedly, in Babylon, was a great problem for his companions and in general, for those who were directly or indirectly involved in his projects, as well as for his family, not only by the question of who would inherit his great power
Alexander III of Macedonia known as Alexander the Great, is the greatest cultural representative of Antiquity, recognized as the most transcendent of the great conquerors, designated as a tyrant. His feats thrilled and amazed the men of Antiquity and continue to amaze even today, as if it were a won
The Samnites were a tribe related to the Sabelians of the southern Apennine , established in the north of their country. They formed a confederation of towns: The Caraceni, with the cities of Aufidena and Bouianum Vetus . The Pentri, with another city called Bovianum . The Caudini, on the border o
The Hellenistic dynasty that reigned in Macedonia takes its name from Antigonus, Diadocus of Alexander, who in the distribution that followed the death of the king remained with the government of Macedonia. homeland of origin of Alexanders family and much of his generals TheGreekattitudebeforeAlex
The New Kingdom comprises the 18th to 20th Dynasties (1570-1070 BC). This stage was a moment of splendor, thanks to the work of the Theban princes of the Eighteenth Dynasty to strengthen the State, expel the Hyksos, restore international relations and reopen trade routes, also starting a time of con
In the Late Period it includes the government of the XXIV to XXX Dynasties (730-330). The Egyptian Kingdom began to decline at the end of the Ramesid Dynasties, the period that begins then is known as the Late Period. Not only was royal power weaker, but there were invaders from the south and west.
After the brilliant stage of the New Kingdom, there was, once again, a period of weakness and political instability, known as the Third Intermediate Period, in which numerous Dynasties ruled. International panorama of the Third Intermediate Period At this time we are witnessing the formation of the
The First Punic War spanned from 264 B.C. until 241 BC This Punic War took place between Rome and Carthage, giving Rome the victory. Causes The focus where the First Punic War began was Messina, lit by Hiero II of Syracuse, who in 275-274 B.C. had usurped the domain of the city, commanded by the Ma
The Second Punic War took place between the years 218 B.C. and 201 BC. At this stage of the Punic Wars, the name of Hannibal stood out, defeating Rome in many battles, being one of its main rivals from Carthage. The causes According to Polybius The cause of the war, analyzed by Polybius, was Cartha
The third Punic War was the last war fought between Rome and Carthage between 149 and 146 BC. In this last war Rome was victorious. Carthage was completely destroyed by the Romans. The reason Masinisa, king of Numidia turned agent of Rome, harassed the Carthaginians, dragging Carthage into a defens
We have already explained in another article how was the origin of Swiss neutrality. That proverbial political line of the Swiss country dates back to the perpetual peace treaty signed with France in 1516, which three centuries later expanded making it universal and maintaining it to this day. But i
Evidently, by the middle of the 14th century there was hardly anything left of Rome ancient, beyond a heap of ruins interspersed between late medieval buildings and some illustrious patrician families of those that are perpetuated in time. For not staying, even the Holy See had moved to Avignon , at
The Arab culture it involves traditions, language and customs of peoples who originate from the territories of the Middle East, North Africa and West Asia. Likewise, Arab culture is a concept independent of religion, as it encompasses Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan peoples. If we consider onl
The Knights of Saint John are one of the oldest knightly orders. It was founded around 1120 in Jerusalem and originally maintained a hospital in the Holy City. That is why its members were called Hospitaliers. After the occupation of the Holy Land by the Muslims, the Order fled to Cyprus and then to