* Safavid Empire (1501-1736): The Safavid Empire was founded by Shah Ismail I in 1501 and was centered in what is now Iran. The Safavids were Shia Muslims and their empire was known for its cultural and artistic achievements.
* Mughal Empire (1526-1858): The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur in 1526 and was centered in what is now India. The Mughals were Sunni Muslims and their empire was known for its wealth and power.
* Songhai Empire (1464-1591): The Songhai Empire was founded by Sunni Ali Ber in 1464 and was centered in what is now Mali. The Songhai Empire was known for its wealth and power.