The fighting at Shiloh was intense, with heavy casualties on both sides. Johnston was killed in the first day of battle, and Beauregard took command of the Confederate forces. The Union army was pushed back to the Tennessee River, but Grant received reinforcements and counterattacked the next day. The Confederates were eventually defeated and retreated.
The Battle of Shiloh was a significant Union victory, and helped to secure control of the Mississippi River valley for the Union. The battle also showed that the Civil War would be a long and bloody struggle, with high casualties on both sides.
The Battle of Antietam took place on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with over 22,000 casualties.
The Union army, led by General George B. McClellan, had a superior force to the Confederate army, led by General Robert E. Lee. However, McClellan was slow and cautious in his movements, and Lee was able to take up a strong defensive position on high ground.
The battle began with heavy fighting in the morning, as the Union army tried to break the Confederate lines. The fighting continued all day long, with neither side able to gain a decisive advantage. In the late afternoon, the Union army launched a final assault on the Confederate center. The assault was successful, and the Confederate army was forced to retreat.
The Battle of Antietam was a strategic victory for the Union, but it did not decisively end the Civil War. However, it did give the Union a boost in morale, and helped to convince foreign powers not to recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation.