* Printing: The Song dynasty saw the widespread use of movable type printing, which allowed for the mass production of books and other printed materials. This led to a significant increase in literacy and the dissemination of knowledge.
* Gunpowder: The Song dynasty was the first to use gunpowder in warfare. Gunpowder was used in a variety of weapons, including cannons, bombs, and flamethrowers.
* Compass: The magnetic compass was invented during the Song dynasty. It was used for navigation, which allowed for more accurate and efficient sea travel.
* Paper money: The Song dynasty was the first to issue paper money. Paper money made it easier and cheaper to conduct business and facilitated trade.
* Astronomy: Song dynasty astronomers made significant advances in astronomy. They created accurate star maps and observed and recorded celestial phenomena, such as eclipses and comets.
* Mathematics: Song dynasty mathematicians made important contributions to mathematics. They developed new methods of solving equations and made progress in areas such as geometry, algebra, and trigonometry.
* Medicine: Song dynasty doctors advanced the field of medicine through their studies of human anatomy and the treatment of diseases. They developed new surgical techniques and made progress in areas such as pharmacology and acupuncture.
The Song dynasty was a time of great creativity and innovation in China. These achievements had a profound impact on Chinese society and culture and contributed to the development of civilization in East Asia and beyond.