1. Allied Forces:
- British Eighth Army: Led by General Bernard Montgomery, the British Eighth Army consisted of British, Commonwealth, and Allied troops.
2. Axis Forces:
- Afrika Korps: The German Afrika Korps, led by General Erwin Rommel, was a highly skilled and experienced desert warfare unit.
- Italian Army: Italian troops, under the command of General Ettore Bastico, made up a significant portion of the Axis forces at El Alamein.
3. British Commonwealth and Allied Forces:
- Australian 9th Division: The Australian 9th Division played a crucial role in the battle, particularly in the capture of key positions.
- New Zealand 2nd Division: The New Zealand 2nd Division fought alongside the Australians and was involved in fierce fighting during the battle.
- Indian 5th Division: The Indian 5th Division contributed to the Allied efforts by holding their ground against German attacks.
- Free French Forces: Free French forces, under the leadership of General Marie-Pierre Koenig, also participated in the battle.
4. Aerial Support:
- Royal Air Force (RAF): The RAF provided extensive air support to the Allies, conducting bombing raids and engaging in aerial combat with German aircraft.
- Luftwaffe: The German Luftwaffe also played a significant role, providing air support to the Axis forces and engaging in dogfights with RAF aircraft.