Osroëne , also Osrhoene , ancient kingdom of northwestern Mesopotamia, lies between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and lies on the modern boundary of the Turkey and Syria . The capital was Edessa (modern Urfa, Tur.). The name of the kingdom ultimately appears to have been derived from a specific Osroes of Orhai which changes the state by 136 v . Chr . Established . Although Osroes was probably of Iranian origin, the rulers after him were Arabs.
Britannica Quiz The Middle East:Fact or Fiction? Is the literacy rate very high in Afghanistan? Does Yemen take its name from the Arabic word "northern"? Sort the facts in this quiz about Syria, Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries. Osroëne commanded the strategic east-west highway that followed the southern edge of the Kurdish Plateau. It also controlled part of the trade route from Anatolia to Mesopotamia known as the Ancient Persian Royal Road . Osroëne was therefore during the wars between Rome and Parthia from the 1st century v . Ch. To 2nd century n . Ch. In a strong position and formed alliances with one or the other at various times. The Roman Emperor at Last Trajan offset Abgar VII. , king of Osroëne after ending a Mesopotamian rebellion from 116 n . Ch. down, foreign princes occupied the throne. In Display 123 however Maʿnu VII, brother of Abgar, became king under the protection of the emperor Hadrian . After that, the state retained some Autonomy to 216, as the emperor Caracalla occupied Edessa and abolished the kingdom.
Under his Arabic Dynasties Osroëne was increasingly derived from the Aramaic Culture influenced and was a center of national reaction against Hellenism. Until the 5th century, Edessa was the headquarters of the Chaldean Syrian literature and learning. 608 became Osroëne of the Sāsānid taken Khosrow II . And in 638 it fell to the Muslims.