The establishment of the Tudor dynasty where red and white roses became one [British history]

Battle with France ・ The battle for succession to the throne in Britain after the Hundred Years War ・ War of the Roses (1455-1485). Here is the end of the War of the Roses and the result of the Tudor I will summarize the beginning of.

Decline of the House of York

Edward III who caused the Hundred Years War Lancaster family made from the generation of his son And House of York A battle of bones and flesh fought in the House of York Edward IV In the midst of his coronation and consolidation of his feet, he died of a drunken eater from a young age (1483).

After that, his younger brother Richard III Was wondering if he would win the succession to the throne. .. ..

Richard III Is

◆ Execution in conflict with collaborators
◆ Edward IV on the verge of coronation Son Edward V And Richard Brothers Imprisoned in the Tower of London

Because he was enthroned by a brute force method, he was repulsed by the aristocratic class.

Among them, Edward IV was at the top of the list. Wife and mother of Edward V and Richard et al. Elizabeth Woodville And her parents' Woodville family is.

* At this point, the two were thought to have been killed.

From Edward V (King of England) wikipedia
Paul Delaroche "Edward V and the Richard Brothers"

Trends of Henry VII and his mother Margaret

Richard III Henry (7th) mother Margaret's third husband's nephew (Lancaster) Duke of Buckingham, Henry Stafford Was plotting to defeat Richard III.

Henry (VII) and Margaret also ride on this plot.

At this point Henry (VII) was the last surviving boy of the Lancaster dynasty and was repeatedly targeted by the House of York, so his paternal uncle Jasper long before planning the plot. It was hidden in the Duchy of Brittany on the continent.

In the past, the Duchy of Brittany was the land where Jeffrey, the fourth son, inherited in the battle for the successor of King Henry II of England, but since then it has been influenced by both Brittany and France, such as under French control.

After that, Brittany became able to exist as an independent force without any talk from Brittany, which had lost its power in the Hundred Years War. However, when France won the Hundred Years War and the War of the Roses began, it was time to be taken in by France.

They are hostile to France and have rebelled against France with the Duchy of Burgundy, who had a political marriage with Richard III's sister and formed an alliance.

Henry (VII) and Jasper were in exile after losing the Lancaster vs. York battle in 1471.

* In the battle that took place after Kingmaker Richard Neville moved to the Lancaster faction in the Second Fitna, important figures were defeated in quick succession, and the Lancaster faction was almost destroyed.

Then, in 1476, Edward IV requested that he be handed over to the House of York.

• The Duchy of Brittany was not allied with the House of York
• Request after the rebellion was settled by France and reconciled

.

Since then, Brittany has become the home of the Lancasters.

There, Henry (VII) moves to land in England with the help of the Duchy of Brittany on a conspiracy. However, at this time, he was unable to land due to a storm, and the Duke of Buckingham, who planned the plot, was executed.

Richard III feels a sense of crisis and tries to expel Henry (VII) by putting pressure on the Chancellor of the Duchy of Brittany instead of Brittany. Henry (VII) who noticed this fled to France.

Meanwhile, her mother, Margaret, takes her life at the behest of her fourth husband, the Yorkist Thomas Stanley, but she doesn't just fall Elizabeth Woodville . I tied it up with.

She has even been executed by her relatives. Against this background, Edward IV and her daughter, Elizabeth of York And Henry (VII) Engagement and alliance were formed.

Thus Henry (VII) is much closer to his succession to the throne not only as a "sidestream of the Lancaster family" but also as "having a wife of the York family". It was decided.

Battle of Bosworth (1485)

The place where Henry (VII) fled under pressure on Brittany was France.

France assists them with the forces and equipment that invade England, partly because of the conflict with Burgundy, which is allied with the House of York. In addition, Scotland, which is close to the Lancaster faction, also cooperated.

In 1485 he boarded his father's hometown of Wales with his uncle Jasper and others. His father was drawn to the blood of King Wales, and Henry (VII)'s soldiers swelled, and after the addition of other friendly soldiers who had rebelled against Richard, he collided with Richard III. [Battle of Bosworth] has happened.

Richard III was killed in this battle. The War of the Roses will end with the death of King Richard III, although the King of England also admitted that he was a female, and there were successors to the throne by other candidates, which did not completely set his feet.

In this way, he defeated Richard III in [Battle of Bosworth] and became the throne as Henry VII.

Henry VII's reign

Henry VII puts the restoration of royal authority first in order to rebuild England, which was exhausted by the War of the Roses from the Hundred Years War.

In terms of domestic affairs, by securing the position of his wife in order to consolidate the throne first.

• I'm a sidestream of the Lancaster family
• Married to a formal House of York daughter

.

Previously, Richard III prevented Edward IV's son from being enthroned when he was enthroned.

"The marriage of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville is invalid, so the ten children, including Elizabeth of York, are private children."

Was issued by the parliament. She couldn't convince the other aristocrats if her wife remained a private child.

On the diplomatic side

• Conclude a treaty to avoid a territorial dispute with France, and take root not to support what speaks of the King of England
• Recognizing the importance of Spain on the Iberian Peninsula, he engaged his eldest son Arthur and the Spanish princess (← demanded a huge dowry. When the sickly Arthur died at the age of 15, his younger brother Henry VIII later. Engaged with)
• Promotion of trade
  • Concluded a free trade trade treaty with the Netherlands
  • Regaining autonomy with a strong attitude towards the Venice and Hanseatic Leagues, which had trade privileges with England
• Recognizing the importance of the Navy, we built the world's first dry dock

etc., we aim for prosperity with peacekeeping first.

What is a dock?

What is a dry dock

Implemented a number of these domestic and foreign policies. Henry VII laid the foundation for his second son, Henry VIII . Will connect the baton to.