Millennium History

History of Europe

  • The Perejil Island Conflict

    Relations with Morocco have gone through various stages since 1975. These phases have fluctuated between collaboration and confrontation – Green March or this problem on Perejil Island. In general, there are abundant common interests, but there are also parked issues that, at a given moment, can cau

  • The invasion of the Aran Valley

    The fact that we are going to analyse, although it is part of the History of Spain, is closely linked both with the evolution of the Second World War and with the way in which it ended. This conflict began to change its fate – on the western front, on the eastern front it had done so before – after

  • The Catalan revolt of 1934:l’Estat Català

    Karl Marxs phrase is well known, which says that history always repeats itself twice, first as a tragedy and then as a farce. And signs are beginning to appear that the same is happening with the problem created by the call, by the Catalan government, for a self-determination referendum for October

  • The extreme right in Spain

    Until this year, the extreme right was a political and ideological sector with little or no institutional representation – city councils, regional parliaments, Congress and Senate – in Spain. It was a strange situation when observing the rise that this political tendency was having in the rest of Eu

  • Aerial bombardment of Cartagena during the civil war

    During the Civil War (1936-1939) the main cities and ports of the entire Mediterranean façade were severely punished by aerial bombardments carried out preferably by Italian aviation from their bases in Mallorca. The effect, the victory of the Francoist uprising in them, allowed the rebels to mainta

  • The “non nata” Constitution of 1873

    The period of the Democratic Sexenio was one of the brief stages in which, during the 19th century, the progressive forces dominated the Spanish political scene. The product of these governments was the elaboration of two constitutions considered progressive:that of 1869, which introduced a parliame

  • Results of the referendum of the Constitution of 1978

    The following graphic information provides some interesting data on two current issues as December 6, the day of the Constitution of 1978, approaches. The first is the list of referendums held in Spain during the democratic period and their results; the second is the result, distributed by province,

  • The Crisis of the 17th Century:Geoffrey Parker's Cursed Century

    Although the chronological framework of the work that we are going to review is outside what is conventionally called Contemporary History and, therefore, would not have a place in a blog dedicated to this period, the importance of the work in question makes its review necessary.We refer to the late

  • Turnism and rigging in the Restoration

    On July 24, 2011 we made an entry, in this same blog, about turnismo in the Restoration. This was a fundamental element for political functioning during this period and, although its purpose was clear, its mechanisms were more complex, all of them being linked to electoral manipulation and the pheno

  • Chronology of the reign of Alfonso XIII

    In this entry we offer you a chronology of the reign of Alfonso XIII (1902-1931). This chronology complements the one we offered you in the entry Chronology of the Restoration https://app.box.com/embed_widget/yq0gjpn62f3f/s/404jol54fqzgyj1qupid?view=list&sort=name&direction=ASC&theme=blue

  • Spain and World War I

    German submarine U35 in the port of Cartagena. Photo from the book Steel Sharks. Spain maintained a position of neutrality during the First World War. The reasons for this official position were several: The military weakness of the country, also involved in the control of the Moroccan protectorat

  • The Second Republic:between memory and analysis

    Today two events of unequal significance but referring to the same issue converge:the Second Republic. Today we have finished the corresponding topic in class and today is the anniversary of its proclamation.As a summary and as a reminder, I found this article by the historian Julián Casanova to be

  • Transition Notes

    The role played by the Transition in contemporary Spain is currently subject to a historiographical debate not devoid of political intentions. For a long time, an interpretation prevailed that presented such a process as a model example of the transition from a dictatorial regime to a democratic one

  • The living memory:memories of an international brigadista

    Last Monday, Josep Almudéver, an international brigade member, visited our center. French of Valencian parents, he joined the International Brigades at the age of seventeen - falsifying his documentation - and fought in the civil war and later in the maquis. At the age of 97, he still retains a luci

  • The economic crisis of 1866

    The economic crisis of 1866 played a relevant role in the change in the historical cycle that represented the final crisis of the reign of Elizabeth II and the triggering of the 1868 revolution. It was influenced by both international factors - rise in cotton prices, increase in interest of the loan

  • Political transition and economic evolution

    The last subject of History of Spain analyzes the period of political transition (1975-1996). In this period the Spanish economy suffered two serious economic crises, although less than the current one. The previous graph helps us to understand the evolution of the GDP in Spain in those years; From

  • The Tragic Week and the battle of Barranco del Lobo

    The Tragic Week (summer, 1909) marked the first major crisis of the reign of Alfonso XIII and the fall of the conservative government of Maura. The spread of the news of the military defeat that the Spanish troops suffered in the Barranco del Lobo, within the context of the Rif War, had a lot to do

  • The disaster of Annual

    The so-called Annual disaster represented the beginning of the final crisis of the Restoration system. This important military defeat, in the context of the Moroccan War, served to question some of the fundamental pillars of the Restoration regime, from the army to the dynastic parties, splashing ev

  • The end of the Spanish overseas empire

    Source of the image above:www.segunlospadresloshijos.com/…/ tag/historia/ In the Treaty of Paris (1898) Spain, defeated in the Spanish-American War, ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and the island of Guam to the United States, then an emerging power. A year later, in 1899, Spain handed ov

  • Chronology of the Democratic Administration

    The chronological period of the Democratic Administration is short in time but dense in events and changes. To help us better understand this stage, it is very convenient to use a chronological axis.

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