* Borrowed money from the colonies: France borrowed heavily from its colonies, especially from Indochina, to finance reconstruction.
* Used colonial labor: French colonial subjects were used as forced labor to rebuild France after the war.
* Exported raw materials: France exported raw materials from its colonies to pay for reconstruction goods.
Britain:
* Used colonial labor: British colonial subjects were used as forced labor to rebuild Britain after the war.
* Exported raw materials: Britain exported raw materials from its colonies to pay for reconstruction goods.
Belgium:
* Used colonial labor: Belgian colonial subjects were used as forced labor to rebuild Belgium after the war.
* Exported raw materials: Belgium exported raw materials from its colonies to pay for reconstruction goods.
The Netherlands:
* Used colonial labor: Dutch colonial subjects were used as forced labor to rebuild the Netherlands after the war.
* Exported raw materials: The Netherlands exported raw materials from its colonies to pay for reconstruction goods.
Italy:
* Used colonial labor: Italian colonial subjects were used as forced labor to rebuild Italy after the war.
* Exported raw materials: Italy exported raw materials from its colonies to pay for reconstruction goods.