In the Americas
• New crops such as corn, potatoes, and tomatoes were introduced, while European crops such as wheat, barley, and oats were adopted.
• New livestock such as horses, cattle, and pigs were introduced.
• New diseases such as smallpox, measles, and bubonic plague devastated the native population.
In Europe
• New foods such as tomatoes, potatoes, and maize were introduced.
• New agricultural practices such as crop rotation and the use of fertilizers were adopted.
• New animals such as turkeys and guinea pigs were introduced.
• New wealth in European society