This treaty divided the Carolingian Empire among the three grandsons of Charlemagne: Lothair, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald. Lothair received the middle kingdom, which included Italy, Burgundy, and Provence. Louis the German received the East Frankish Kingdom, which included Germany and Bavaria. Charles the Bald received the West Frankish Kingdom, which included France and Aquitaine.
2. The Battle of Lechfeld (955)
This battle was fought between the East Frankish Kingdom and the Magyars, a nomadic people from the steppes of Central Asia. The Magyars had been raiding Europe for several decades, but they were defeated at Lechfeld by the East Frankish king Otto I. This victory established Otto as the most powerful ruler in Europe, and it paved the way for the unification of the German kingdoms.
3. The Ottonian Dynasty (936-1002)
The Ottonian Dynasty was founded by Otto I, who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962. The Ottonian kings were strong and effective rulers, and they expanded the German kingdom into Italy and Bohemia. They also promoted the spread of Christianity in Europe.
4. The Salian Dynasty (1024-1125)
The Salian Dynasty was founded by Conrad II, who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1027. The Salian kings continued the work of the Ottonians, and they further expanded the German kingdom. They also established the principle of primogeniture, which meant that the eldest son of a king would inherit the throne.
5. The Hohenstaufen Dynasty (1138-1254)
The Hohenstaufen Dynasty was founded by Frederick I, who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1155. The Hohenstaufen kings were the most powerful rulers in Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries. They expanded the German kingdom into Sicily and Naples, and they also fought several wars against the papacy.
6. The Interregnum (1254-1273)
The Interregnum was a period of time when there was no Holy Roman Emperor. This period was marked by political instability and civil war.
7. The Election of Rudolf of Habsburg (1273)
Rudolf of Habsburg was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1273. He was the founder of the Habsburg Dynasty, which ruled the German kingdom for over 600 years.