2. Economic Strain: The war placed a heavy burden on Russia's economy. Industrial production declined, inflation soared, and there were shortages of food and supplies. This led to widespread discontent among the population.
3. Political Instability: The Czarist regime was already facing political challenges before WWI, including demands for greater democracy and social reform. The war made these challenges worse and led to increased opposition from the nobility, military officers, and the general public.
4. Lack of Leadership: Czar Nicholas II was not an effective leader during World War I. He was personally involved in the war effort, but he was often indecisive and out of touch with reality. He was also influenced by his wife, Empress Alexandra, who was unpopular and seen as being too close to Germany.
5. Propaganda and Rumors: The spread of propaganda and rumors contributed to the collapse of the Czarist government. German and Bolshevik propaganda weakened the morale of soldiers and the general population, while rumors about the Czar's incompetence and corruption further eroded support for the regime.
6. Bolshevik Revolution: The Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, took advantage of the weaknesses of the Czarist government and launched the October Revolution in 1917. The revolution was successful and led to the overthrow of the Czarist regime.