Political and Military Power: Charlemagne had established himself as a powerful and respected ruler in Europe through his military conquests and political alliances. He had expanded the Frankish kingdom to include much of Western Europe, including parts of modern-day France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. His conquests demonstrated his military prowess and solidified his position as a dominant force in the region.
Relationship with the Papacy: Charlemagne had a close and mutually beneficial relationship with the papacy. He had previously provided military assistance to the papacy in defending Rome and the Papal States from external threats, such as the Lombards. In recognition of this support, and as a symbol of gratitude, Pope Leo III decided to crown Charlemagne as emperor.
Renewal of the Roman Empire: The idea of renewing the Roman Empire had been circulating among intellectuals and religious figures in Europe during the 8th century. Charlemagne and his court were influenced by these ideas and saw the coronation as an opportunity to revive the glory and prestige of the ancient Roman Empire.
Political Legitimacy: The title of Emperor provided Charlemagne with increased legitimacy and authority as a ruler. It elevated his status above other monarchs in Europe and further cemented his position as the preeminent ruler in the West.
Religious Significance: The coronation as emperor also had religious significance. Charlemagne was seen as a defender of Christianity and a protector of the Church. His association with the papacy and the title of Emperor reinforced his role as a champion of the Christian faith.
Imperial Tradition: The tradition of imperial coronations in Rome was still alive during the 8th century. Charlemagne's coronation followed a similar pattern to that of previous Roman emperors, with the pope placing a crown on his head and anointing him with holy oil.
Charlemagne's imperial coronation had far-reaching consequences. It created a new political and religious order in Europe, with Charlemagne as the supreme ruler and the papacy as his spiritual partner. The coronation also influenced subsequent European history and laid the foundation for the development of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until the 19th century.