Under the rule of King Philip IV, known as Philip the Fair, France expanded its territories through successful military campaigns and diplomatic marriages.
The royal domain was significantly enlarged to include Champagne, Navarre, and Lyon. France also gained control over Flanders and acquired influence in the southern region of Occitania.
Economic prosperity fueled the growth of cities, trade, and commerce during this period. Paris emerged as a prominent center of learning and culture, becoming home to the renowned university known as the Sorbonne.
France's wealth was further bolstered by a thriving agricultural sector and the introduction of important economic reforms, such as the introduction of a single currency and the establishment of regular trade fairs.
Overall, France's combination of territorial expansion, economic might, and cultural influence solidified its position as the largest and wealthiest monarchy in Europe by the end of the 13th century.