“But it is important to state here that the Peruvian army, although it suffered a tremendous defeat in San Juan, was not destroyed, nor was it almost annihilated (as some writers affirm)”, wrote the hero Andrés Avelino Cáceres in his Memories. It was half past four in the morning and the field was c
Pedro Sanchos story, published in 1873, summarizes the astonishment and admiration that the Spanish had when setting foot in the navel of the world. Pedro Sancho Secretary Pizarros staff The city of Cusco, for being the main one where the main lords resided, is so large, so beautiful and with so ma
The first party struggles to seize power in a country that was born at the end of the War of Independence. Liberals, conservatives and politics in the formation of Peru. During the decades that followed Independence, Peru was left in ruins by incessant civil wars. In the political chaos of the ninet
WHO AND WHERE WAS IT FROM? She was an Inca princess, of the highest nobility of Tahuantinsuyo. Her father was Huayna Cápac and her mother was coya Hanan Collque, daughter of Huacachillac, the greatest lord of the Guamani Huaylas. She was born in a place called Tocash (Alley of Huaylas). Sister of At
The material compiles the biography of the Ayacucho hero and little-known aspects of the military. The Ministry of Defense and Telefónica publish a book on “El brujo de los Andes”. ....When Colonel Cáceres loaded his bayonet on the pampas in front of Redoubt No. 1, the battle of Miraflores had begu
The forgotten chronicle. A chapter in the history of our capital on the occasion of its 480th anniversary. If we were in Hollywood and its machinery for extolling American history, there would possibly be dozens of movies and everyone would be talking in the media about The Battle of the Five Presid
Mark Thurner, American historian, investigated the origins of bicentennial Peru. Bolívar and San Martín, in their republican vision, excluded and underestimated the Indian in the formation of a country that continues to discriminate against them. The subject named “indigenous” enters the Peruvian sc
Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui has been considered the most important ruler of Tahuantinsuyu. In reality, he expanded the Empire, organized it and gave it its legal framework, determining clear norms of individual and social conduct, until it became the most advanced expression among the ancient cultures
Atahualpa already knew that the barbados were in his territory and that they came with the spirit of conquest. However, still feeling the winner of the civil war between the Incas, favorite son of the god Inti, he believed himself invulnerable and did not prepare to face the Spanish. His arrogance c
The huascarist Manco Inca allied himself with Pizarro for the taking of Cusco and consolidated the conquest. Later, he realized the nature of the escutcheons and rebelled, beginning a process of reconquest that lasted three centuries. Who was Manco Inca Yupanqui or Manco II? Manco Inca, also called
He was the most courageous of the sons of Manco Inca, the one who followed his example, with faith and tenacity. Fatally, he was unable to win the mighty army of Francisco de Toledo. The sons of Manco Inca and the succession to the throne The young Manco Inca left behind five sons and several daug
SAINT MARTÍNS MOVING LETTER TO CASTILE:AT 71 YEARS OLD, ALMOST BLIND… WHERE WILL I LEAVE MY BONES In 1848, José de San Martín sent a letter to the president of Peru, Ramón Castilla, invoking a fair pension. Almost blind, considered an outcast by many countries that he helped liberate, he recounts a
The new chronicle and good government, by Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala, could not fulfill the purposes for which the author did it, but, over time, it became the most important graphic document on the life and the customs of the colonial era.The Indians:vassals of the new owners of the Andean world I
THE PAINFUL DEATH OF GRAU NARRATED BY A CHILEAN HISTORIAN The combat of Angamos in the story of Gonzalo Búlnes, in 1911. Admiration, respect and a crude narration of the immolation of the great hero of Peru on October 8, 1,879. Impossible not to get excited. Grau entered the bay of Antofagasta on th
He had carried out a remarkable action by breaking the blockade, by facing combat without detriment to the landing operations of his cargo and, above all, by successfully carrying out the second break of the blockade, says the historian Jorge Basadre. On March 17, 1880, the corvette Union, a Peruv
On June 14, a new anniversary of the birth of José Carlos Mariátegui, a Peruvian intellectual recognized throughout Latin America, is celebrated. An influential figure in 20th-century politics, Amauta thought influenced fields such as sociology, anthropology, history and literature. The beginnings.
The Sicán culture, also known as the Lambayeque culture after the region they once inhabited, was one of the many cultures that existed in Peru before the arrival of the Incas. The Sicán inhabited the north coast of what is now Peru between 750 and 1375 AD. Like many other civilizations, social diff
The Book of Genesis describes an extraordinary event that occurred centuries ago, the Universal Deluge. The Bible has traditionally been considered a historical document, but currently most biblical scholars accept that there was no Flood of such dimensions and therefore, there was no Noah, nor an a
The Act of Independence of Peru is the document through which Peru solemnly declared its independence from the Spanish Crown. Drafted by Manuel Pérez de Tudela from Arica, it was signed on July 15, 1821 by notable residents of Lima. After that, the ceremony of the Proclamation of Independence was he
Nostalgia and melancholy prompted Garcilaso de la Vega to write about the Incas, his ancestors, of whom capricious stories were told. The Peruvian mestizo wanted to answer these falsehoods and became the king of the chroniclers.The mestizos:the result of the meeting of two worlds Francisco Pizarro
In the Southeast Region of Brazil, formed by the states of São Paulo , Minas Gerais , Rio de Janeiro and Holy Spirit , there is a cultural diversity richly influenced by indigenous, African, European and Asian cultures. According to 1998 data from the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Stat
The I ndependence of Brazil was proclaimed on 7 September 1822 , by the then Prince Regent, Dom Pedro de Alcântara. This occasion is also called the Grito de Independência, as, according to tradition, Dom Pedro would have said the phrase independence or death loud and clear to the guard who accompa
Júlio Prestes was one of the elected presidents of Brazil by popular vote in the period of the Old Republic (1889-1930), after the government of Washington Luís. However, he was prevented from holding the position, due to the 1930 coup, led by politician Getúlio Vargas. He also excelled in literatu
Nostalgia and melancholy prompted Garcilaso de la Vega to write about the Incas, his ancestors, of whom capricious stories were told. The Peruvian mestizo wanted to answer these falsehoods and became the king of the chroniclers.The mestizos:the result of the meeting of two worlds Francisco Pizarro