In the middle of the Muromachi period, 8th Shogun Yoshimasa Ashikaga Is 1449-1473 I was in office.
When he was inaugurated as a shogun, he tried to revive the policies of his grandfather Yoshimitsu and his father, and was actively involved in politics, but Tomiko Hino And Katsumoto Hosokawa, Sozen Yamana Influential guardian daimyo such as, etc. intervened in politics, and politics led by Yoshimasa became difficult.
Kitayama Culture and Higashiyama Culture
In the first half of the Yoshimitsu politics, the shogunate's finances were as stable as Yoshimitsu's generation, but after being deprived of their real power, the political affairs became less impressed, and the wealth that had been moistened was not for the authority of the shogunate or for the people, but as a hobby. I put it into my architecture and gardens and created the cause of financial difficulties later.
Perhaps such wasteful use was successful, Wabi-Sabi represented by Ginkaku in terms of culture. [ Higashiyama culture ] Has been built up.
Ninety-nine haired eggplant owned by Oda Nobunaga * It was also during this period that the tea set was made.
* The above is the tea set of ninety-nine hair eggplants
Gorgeous [ Kitayama Culture represented by Yoshimitsu III, represented by Kinkaku ], It is evaluated as the second generation culture of this era.
Political affairs Tomiko Hino Due to the fact that it was left to them and the wasteful use of Yoshimasa, the shogunate's finances gradually deteriorated, and the centripetal force of the shogunate declined. In such a situation, the battle between the guardian daimyo's wife and the guardians is getting fiercer year by year.
The family dispute also happens in the shogunate.
Yoshimasa originally had no successor, so his younger brother Yoshimi I purposely made him a profane and decided to be the next shogun. However, Yoshimasa's regular room, Tomiko Hino, Yoshihisa The situation changes with the birth of.
Tomiko concludes with the influential guardian daimyo Yamana Sozen in an attempt to make Yoshihisa the next shogun, and the shogunate is confused.
Political change of Bunsei
September 6, 1466 In addition, Sadachika Ise , an aide to the shogun Intervened in the battle for the Kanrei and Shiba clan, and then became a younger brother, Yoshimi , to Shogun Yoshimasa. I tried to assassinate. However, Yamana Sozen and Hosokawa Masaru This political change was ruled by the former, and Sadachika Ise was banished from Kyoto.
This Sadachika Ise is Shinkuro Ise Moritoki (Souun Hojo) It is said that he had a nephew relationship with his uncle.
Mr. Hosokawa and Mr. Yamana, who exiled Sadachika Ise, are in a fierce conflict over the highest power of the shogunate. Yoshimasa's Seishitsu, Tomiko Hino, is Yamana Sozen . To, the original next shogun, Yoshimi, is Katsumoto Hosokawa I arrived.
Yoshimasa was trying to be a shogun, but his aides were dismantled due to the birth of his own child and political changes, and his interest in politics was completely lost.
The eve of the Onin War decisive battle
Due to the weakening of the power of the shogun, Yoshimasa and his aides, the shogun's main axis of the family reign However, I moved to Yamana and Hosokawa. Yoshimi relies on Katsumoto and Yoshimi relies on Sozen, and other influential guardian daimyos belong to either of them, and they start to quarrel with each other.
Even in the guardian daimyo families around the world, the battle over the reigns of the family was intensifying.
Above all, the conflict that occurred in the Shiba and Hatakeyama families was intertwined with the conflict between the Yamana and Hosokawa clan, and developed into a great uproar.
The governor, Hatakeyama Mochikuni, adopts his nephew's president, but his nephew, Yoshinari, is born and the president is abandoned. I will fight. The battle of the Shiba family was the same, with Yoshikado Shiba being followed by Sozen and Yoshitoshi Katsumoto, and the shogunate was completely divided into two.
Battle of Kamigoryo Shrine
1467 , Yamana Sozen approached Shogun Yoshimasa and dismissed Kanrei Hatakeyama Masanaga, and instead Yamana Yoshikado became the new Kanrei. At the same time, Yoshinari Hatakeyama of the Yamana faction led a soldier into Kyoto. Furthermore, Yamana Sozen also caused a coup d'etat and entered the Shogun's Imperial Palace.
The defeated Masanaga Hatakeyama showed a confrontational stance at Kamigoryo Shrine, which is located north of Shokokuji Temple in Kyoto, but Katsumoto Hosokawa did not listen to the intentions of Shogun Yoshimasa and did not support him, so Yoshinari Hatakeyama Will be defeated by.
After that, the capital of Kyoto was calm, but the Hosokawa faction, who had been defeated, was steadily preparing for the overthrow of Yamana Sozen. Then, the Onin War will begin as the Hosokawa faction counterattacks.
Firstborn single inheritance and split inheritance system
In the Kamakura period, Mr. Takeshi had a principle of split inheritance, which gave the territory to the children of the clan. By the way, all the clan brothers got along well and shared the land regardless of the eldest son, the second son, the boys, or the girls.
However, there was a big point in this inheritance method, and with each passing generation, the land of the descendants became smaller and everyone became poor. Since it is basically a lot of old children, children usually own less land than parents.
Complementing this is land reclamation and war, where if there is undeveloped land around, the land can be expanded, and if the generals and authority of Kamakura are in danger, the samurai will immediately rush to rescue and wage war. increase. From here [ to Kamakura! ] Was completed.
This war cost will be paid by the samurai on their own, but if they play an active role and get new land, the reduction of the territory due to split inheritance will be resolved. However, at the end of the Kamakura Shogunate, [ Mongol invasion ], This split inheritance will be the cause of the destruction of the Kamakura Shogunate.
Perhaps because of that, I came to understand the common family with the Mongol invasion.
Time passed, and in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of the Muromachi period, the inheritance of the firstborn became independent, and the firstborn became acquainted with the territory alone. Along with this, the small princes will become vassals, the composition of the vassals will change, and the power of the firstborn will be strengthened.
As a result, women's property rights are denied, and only a small amount of land in the name of cosmetics is transferred, resulting in a decisive decline in women's social status.