Minamoto no Yoritomo Kamakura Shogunate created by Is a general and a gokenin [ Loyalty and Service with us ], And the general is [ territorial relief ] And [ Payment of new grace * ] Was made up. However, a problem arose due to the award of the Mongol invasion, and the gokenins were in distress. * Give a new territory as a reward.
As a result, the relationship of trust between the Shogunate and the Gokenins deteriorated, and rebellions often occurred.
At the end of the Kamakura period, Emperor Go-Daigo took the throne.
This time, I would like to introduce you from the end of Kamakura to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which is a little difficult to understand.
The background of Emperor Go-Daigo
Emperor Go-Daigo was the emperor from the late Kamakura period to the early Nanbokucho period, and was the second prince of the Daikakuji line and Emperor Go-Uda. The emperor of the late Kamakura period, who had the Mongol invasion, was both ancestors . * ( Ryoto Tetsuritsu ), And [ Jimyoin line ] And [Daikakuji Line] The emperor was enthroned alternately from the family line.
* The emperor's family is divided into two, and by alternately enthroning each family, [迭] has the meaning of alternating.
Emperor Go-Daigo, the half-brother of Emperor Go-Daigo, was the 94th Emperor, but 1308 He died suddenly at the age of 24, and Emperor Hanazono of the Jimyoin line took the throne at the age of only 12. Of course, since he was still young, Emperor Fushimi of the same family and his brother Emperor Go-Fushimi performed the [cloister rule].
I wrote about the cloister rule in detail in this article, so I will omit it.
Around this time, both sides The emperor was enthroned in Japan, but the period of his reign was decided through discussions with 10 years. Therefore, the crown prince was decided immediately.
At that time, the succession to the throne of the Daikakuji line was the first prince of Emperor Nijo, Kuniyoshi-shinno, but since he was still young, he became the second prince of Emperor Go-Uda (Emperor Go-Daigo). The right to succeed to the throne has come around by connecting.
Thus, in 1318, the Daikakuji line Emperor Go-Daigo Is the 96th Emperor have become.
However, his father, Emperor Go-Uda, started the cloister rule, and Emperor Go-Daigo became the emperor by name. In addition, Emperor Go-Daigo was dissatisfied with the fact that his son, Prince Moriyoshi, did not have the right to succeed to the throne because he was a tie to the adulthood of King Kuniyoshi.
It was Mr. Hojo, the authority of the Kamakura Shogunate, who accepted the right to succeed to the throne.
Emperor Go-Daigo did not like the fact that the general of the Kamakura Shogunate came from the family of the Jimyoin line, not from his own lineage, and the idea of the Shogunate debate came to be overlooked.
In 1321, Emperor Go-Daigo suspended the cloister rule of his father, Emperor Go-Uda, and revived the emperor's pro-government.
Yoshida Sadafusa, Kitabatake Chikafusa " Record Office ", the central political institution "(Kirokusho) was revived and political reforms were carried out. However, he realized that the pro-government did not go well and that the cause was the Kamakura Shogunate, and made a plan for a debate with Hino Suketomo and Hino Toshimoto.
In 1324, this attempt was [ Rokuhara Tandai ], The Jimyoin line, Emperor Go-Daigo, was nominated by the Shogunate to be the emperor of the period, and Emperor Go-Daigo was in a pinch.
Genko War and the destruction of the Kamakura Shogunate
Due to the unveiling of the debate plan, the army of Rokuhara Tandai invaded the inside of the Imperial Palace in 1331, and Emperor Go-Daigo had three types of sacred treasures and was [ transvestite . ] Then escape Kyoto, enter Kasagiyama and raise troops.
At this time, Emperor Go-Daigo's prince, Prince Moriyoshi, and Masashige Kusunoki also responded, but Takauji Ashikaga, Yoshisada Nitta, and others were defeated by the forces of the Kamakura Shogunate, and Emperor Go-Daigo was arrested. After becoming a rebel in this turmoil, Emperor Go-Daigo was deprived of his position as emperor, 1332 . Exile to Oki Islands It will be.
However, Prince Moriyoshi and Masashige Kusunoki Hidden and raised troops again to defeat the Rokuhara Tandai To do.
The news of this feat of Kusunoki Masashige was transmitted to various parts of Japan, and when Emperor Go-Daigo escaped from Oki Islands, he issued a debate to the world at Hoki and Senjosan.
Takauji Ashikaga dispatched from the Kamakura Shogunate to subdue this It was done, but rebelled in Tamba Then, attack Rokuhara Tandai and conquer Kyoto. There, Emperor Kogon, Emperor Go-Fushimi, Emperor Hanazono and other royal families of the Jimyoin line are captured.
Immediately after, Yoshisada Nitta, who raised troops in Kozuke, increased the number of gokenins who were dissatisfied with the shogunate, and won the battle of Kotesashigahara and the battle of Bubaigawara.
Finally, he succeeded in defeating Kamakura, and the Kamakura Shogunate was destroyed by the suicide of Hojo Takatoki and others.
Kenmu Restoration and Muromachi Shogunate Established
After successfully destroying the Kamakura Shogunate, Emperor Go-Daigo was a pro-government [ Kenmu Restoration . 】let's start doing.
However, the gokenins who played an important role in the debate will be treated unfavorably at the Distinguished Service Award. As for Mr. Takauji Ashikaga, who betrayed the Shogunate side and followed Emperor Go-Daigo, he was afraid of his ability and fame and moved away from the center of pro-government.
This attitude was the decisive factor, and Takauji Ashikaga broke away . It will lead to the establishment of the Shimuromachi Shogunate.
When Takauji Ashikaga found out in Kamakura in 1335, Emperor Go-Daigo ordered Yoshisada Nitta to subdue him.
[ Battle of Hakone / Takenoshita near Ashigaratōge ], But Takauji was defeated by Kitabatake Akiie and once fell to Kyushu. Among them, Ashikaga, who was supported by Munakata Seki's Shonin Yorihisa and Munakata Taisha's Munakata clan, will start a counterattack toward Kyo.
In 1336, Nitta Yoshisada and Kusunoki Masashige meet the Ashikaga army, but Kusunoki Masashige is killed and defeated in the Battle of Minatogawa. Emperor Go-Daigo escapes to Mt. Hiei and resists, but three sacred treasures I will give it out and fall to Yoshino.
Takauji Ashikaga who won the battle with Emperor Go-Daigo Is Kenmu Shikimoku Is enacted to support Emperor Komyō from the Jimyoin line. Also, as a legitimate successor to the Kamakura Shogunate, 1338 Was appointed as the Shogun General and opened the Muromachi Shogunate.
The beginning of the Northern and Southern Dynasties
On the other hand, after escaping to Yoshino, Emperor Go-Daigo opened a court in Yoshino, assuming that he was a legitimate emperor, and was able to do [Southern Court]. Mr. Takauji Ashikaga's breathtaking [Northern Court] and [North and South Dynasties] will continue for 56 years.
In this way, the confrontation between the Jimyoin line and the Daikakuji line became decisive, but Emperor Go-Daigo dispatched his princes to various places to request cooperation. However, for many years Nawa Nagatoshi, Yuki Chikamitsu, Chigusa Tadaaki, Kitabatake Akiie, Nitta Yoshisada and others were killed, and 1339 The Emperor Go-Daigo will also be demise.
Kitabatake Chikafusa, who weakened his power, wrote "Jinno Shoseki", which shows the legitimacy of the Southern Court, in Hitachi, Odawara, where he was in a cage. , Prince Munenaga and others died, and in 1392 the Southern Court surrendered.
It means that there were two emperors during the 56 years of the Nanbokucho period, but since the emperor of the Southern Court was stipulated as orthodox in 1884, the emperors of the Northern Court, such as Emperor Komyō, who was supported by Takauji Ashikaga, were successive emperors. It seems that it is not counted in.
From the fall of the Kamakura Shogunate to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there are many events such as the establishment of the Muromachi Shogunate and the new government of Kenmu, which makes it difficult to understand.
If you write the flow easily ...
Emperor Go-Daigo defeated the Kamakura Shogunate together with the influential gokenins
↓
Emperor Go-Daigo started politics [Kenmu Restoration], but he failed due to the dissatisfaction of the samurai.
↓
Lost in the battle with Takauji Ashikaga, who bundled the gokenins
↓
The Muromachi Shogunate was established, and Takauji embraced Emperor Komyō (Northern Court)
↓
Emperor Go-Daigo makes a court in [Yoshino] if he is the emperor (Southern Court)