Speaking of the Heian period
- Emperor
- Customs politics by aristocrats (Mr. Fujiwara)
- Cloister rule by the emperor
- Politics by the samurai (Heike)
.
The 13 Lords of Kamakura era was " ④ Samurai (Heike) politics The stage has begun since the heyday of 』. This time, I will follow the movement before and after this again.
Hogen Rebellion (1156)
Shortly before "④ Samurai Politics". During the turmoil of the transition from "③ cloister rule by the emperor" to "④ politics by the samurai", the struggle for succession to the throne and the struggle within the regents began.
Hogen Rebellion Was the most powerful person at the time in 1141 Tobain From the intention of Emperor Sutoku Is Emperor Konoe Emperor Sutoku because he was transferred as "The Emperor Sutoku" when he was transferred to The direct trigger was that he became the emeritus and was cut off from the path of cloister rule.
Behind this plot is Machikenmonin And Bifumonin Conflict with Tobain And Emperor Sutoku It seems that there was a conflict.
Emperor Konoe while the inside of the court was messed up Because of the demise of the crown, a battle for succession to the throne is born.
Furthermore, it was Hogen rebellion that the samurai participated as the cornerstone of the military power of each power. However, since the samurai at that time were also in different positions within the same organization (bushidan), Genji and Taira also fought in a split manner internally.
| The battle for succession to the throne | Go-Shirakawa (Imperial Prince Masahito) ↑ Shinsai Is a nanny | Sutokuin |
|---|---|---|
| Sekiseki dispute | Fujiwara no Tadamichi | Fujiwara no Tada, Fujiwara no Yorinaga |
| Mr. Taira's internal conflict | Taira no Kiyomori | Tadamasa Hira |
| Conflict within Genji | Minamoto no Yoshitomo | Minamoto no Tameyoshi |
As a result, the emperor of the time, Go-Shirakawa Wins. Yoritomo's father, Minamoto no Yoshitomo At this time Go-Shirakawa Emperor's camp It is attached.
With this battle as an opportunity, the abilities of the samurai became clear and they began to participate in central politics.
Heiji Rebellion (1159-1160)
Hogen Rebellion After that, his son ( Emperor Nijo ) When the emperor's position is handed over to cloister rule Go-Shirakawa Emperor .. This cloister rule Below is Hogen Rebellion Victory in In-no-kinshin The conflict between each other becomes fierce.
Emperor Nijo pro-political faction including Bifukumonin here Emperor Go-Shirakawa who wants to train the in-no-kinshin Is Fujiwara no Nobu When he was selected and he emerged, he became a three-way state of Emperor Nijo's pro-political faction, Emperor Emeritus [Shinsai faction], and Emperor Emeritus [Fujiwara no Nobutsu faction].
Coupled with dissatisfaction with the post-war treatment of the Hogen rebellion (there is a theory that Shinsai gave preferential treatment to Mr. Taira and Genji was angry because of the Hogen rebellion) Fujiwara no Nobu Minamoto no Yoshitomo associated with Is Shinsai Trust when attacking and imprisoning the Emperor and Emperor Has taken control of politics.
Upon hearing this incident, Mr. Taira regained the emperor and the emeritus, the so-called Heiji rebellion . is.
| winner | loser | |
|---|---|---|
| In-no-kinshin | Shinsai | Fujiwara no Nobu |
| Samurai | Taira no Kiyomori | Minamoto no Yoshitomo |
| Taira no Shigemori | Minamoto no Yoshihira |
As a result, Shinsai should have stood on the side of the winner. Was driven to death and acted as an anti-Shinsai faction Fujiwara no Nobu, Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Minamoto no Yoshihira (← Yoshitomo's eldest son) and others have been executed.
At this time, Yoshitomo Minamoto no Yoritomo who was the eldest son of Seishitsu Was exiled to Izu, Yoshitsune Yoritomo The half-brothers will be entrusted to the temple.
Taira no Kiyomori becomes Daijo-daijin (1167)
After all, Heiji rebellion Then Emperor Go-Shirakawa Not only the close vassals of Nijo pro-political faction The representative of Anti-Shinsai faction When both of them lost their influential vassals, they moved to diarchy.
Even so, Heiji rebellion Taira no Kiyomori Seems to have acted cautiously. Emperor Nijo Nanny Tokiko Tokiko's younger sister, Shigeko , while being relied on as her husband and guardian of her. Through Pope Shirakawa I also built up a relationship with.
However, during that time, Emperor Nijo was responsible for one of the two-headed politics. Demise in 1165. After this, Taira no Kiyomori Can only be a royal family or aristocrat in 1167 Daijo-daijin I climbed up to.
Kiyomori creates a connection between himself and his imperial family
Emperor Nijo Made his son a prince before his life Emperor Rokujo Emperor Nijo The next emperor of Japan is Emperor Rokujo Was responsible for it. .. ..
Go-Shirakawa less than three years after his father, his greatest patron, died in his coronation year. Emperor Takakura I have been transferred to. This Emperor Takakura Is Kiyomori Sister-in-law, Shigeko And Go-Shirakawa He was a boy who was born during that time.
About four years after this coronation, Kiyomori Is his daughter Tokuko Emperor Takakura He has been married to Nakamiya, and has succeeded in establishing a connection with the imperial family not only through her sister-in-law but also through her own blood relationship.
Also, Heiji Rebellion Trust Since many military aristocrats who had been attached were executed and expelled, Mr. Taira monopolized the military and police rights, and Kiyomori Japan-Song Trade that has continued since his father, Taira no Tadamori I also put a lot of effort into it and steadily accumulated power.
This Japan-Song Trade Kiyomori Is planning to develop a port in Fukuhara (Kobe) near Kyoto and move to the capital.
Who are the leading candidates for succession to the throne other than Emperor Takakura?
Emperor Takakura before Taira no Tokuko became Chugū (1172) .. He himself is the 7th prince, and although there were other candidates for succession to the throne from a leading family, he was appointed as a prince in 1166.
The leading candidate is Go-Shirakawa Prince Mochihito , the third prince of .. This Prince Mochihito The existence of will change the history later, but I will explain it later.
Mr. Antihira's momentum rises and the Shishigatani conspiracy incident occurs (1177)
Rapid Kiyomori Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa while anti-Heike sentiment is being born in his career Kiyomori who became his wife Sister-in-law Kenshunmonin (Shigeko) died in 1176.
Pope Shirakawa And Kiyomori With the death of the woman who acted as a buffer between the two, the relationship between the two gradually deteriorated.
This has surfaced Shishigatani Incident is.
Pope Shirakawa A whistleblower appeared, saying that Kiyomori and others were planning to "defeat Mr. Taira!" At the mountain lodge in Shishigatani, and Go-Shirakawa It is an incident that allegedly captured the people who made plans except.
In The Tale of the Heike, it is written that "I defeated a heishi (a container for sake, read as Heishi)!" Also that.
However, the result of this one case, which started with a terrible flow, was quite serious.
Pope Shirakawa Go-Shirakawa because Fujiwara no Narichika, Naritsune parent and child, Saigyo, Shunkan monk and other in-no-kinshin officers were sentenced to death or killed after exile. Suddenly loses power and becomes the sole place of the Heike.
Kiyomori Firstborn, Shishigatani Shishigatani Incident Fujiwara no Narichika exiled in Since he had his sister as his wife, he was placed in a delicate position, and since then, Kiyomori And Tokiko Munemori , a child of Will come out.
In addition, Minamoto no Yoritomo that was swept away by Izu around this time. Is Masako Hojo Seems to have married.
Genpei War and Genpei War
Shishigatani Incident As it surfaced in Go-Shirakawa The conflict between the Heike and Heike was clear. Finally in 1179 Kiyomori Is Go-Shirakawa [ Political change in the third year of the reign ].
In 1180, his sister-in-law Kenshunmonin continued. (Shigeko) and Go-Shirakawa Emperor Takakura born during Kenreimonin Emperor Antoku born by (Tokuko) Was made to the coronation.
Prince Mochihito who did not leave the house in hopes of succession to the throne even if he did not receive the proclamation Is this Emperor Antoku It means that the succession to the throne was completely cut off by the coronation of.
Furthermore, for the Heike clan, he was a person to watch out for, so even the villa, which is the economic foundation, was confiscated. In the times, regardless of the east or west of the West, some people will take action if they lose their economic base. Prince Mochihito Was one of them.
Thus Prince Mochihito Has issued an order to pursue the Taira clan to Genji nationwide.
Minamoto no Yoritomo and Yoshinaka Kiso's troops
1180, Prince Mochihito Is the elder of Genji who stayed in the central political world Minamoto no Yorimasa Unfortunately, the plan was revealed and he was defeated in the middle of his career. However, both troops raise many anti-Heikes.
Minamoto no Yoritomo And Yoshinaka Kiso Is one of them.
Yoritomo's recruitment
Yoritomo After the battle of Uji, the samurai of the eastern country joined one after another. Early Battle of Ishibashiyama Then, the force of 300 horses, which was extremely unfortunate, expanded to 20,000 horses a month later.
Furthermore, Battle of Fujigawa At that time, in addition to the 20,000 wanqi soldiers, Kai Genji joined the army, and the Taira clan's army was said to have become sick. It is said that he misunderstood the sound of the waterfowl's wings as an enemy (Genji) invading and routed.
* By the way, when joining with Kai Genji, Yoritomo's younger brother, Minamoto no Nori Seems to have been dispatched as well.
After this, Yoritomo tried to head to Kyoto at once, but Chiba, Kazusa, Miura and others gave up and began to struggle to solidify the footsteps of the eastern country.
The next day, Yoritomo Is his younger brother Yoshitsune And visit. Yoritomo I heard that he was raising troops and offered to help him.
Meanwhile, Battle of Fujigawa Half a year later, in 1181, a major change will occur in Kyoto. That Taira no Kiyomori Died of fever.
Yoshinaka Kiso's soldiers
Because I grew up in Kiso, Shinano (Nagano Prefecture), Kiso Yoshinaka It is said that. Yoritomo Father, Yoshitomo Brother, Minamoto no Yoshikata Is the son of.
Yoritomo despite being the same Genji I did not raise troops with him, but raised troops one month after Yoritomo's troops.
From Minamoto no Yoshinaka (wikipedia)
Shigeru Jo, who received a follow-up order against this troop, invaded from Echigo, but when he repelled it, he continued to settle down from Echigo to Hokuriku and build his own power. To go.
Mr. Taira, who felt a sense of crisis, Yoshinaka Kiso with a large force that is said to be 40,000 to 100,000. Towards. However, this army is Battle of Kurikara Pass I'm trying to get rid of it.
With this momentum Yoshinaka Kiso When he invaded Kyoto, the Taira clan was Emperor Antoku in 1183. And the capital fell with three kinds of sacred treasures. In addition, because the city has fallen, Go-Shirakawa Takakura-in with the intention of (although without the three sacred treasures) Another son of Emperor Go-Toba Is enthroned.
Conflict between Yoritomo and Yoshinaka Kiso
Yoshinaka Kiso who entered Tokyo for the above reasons However, their army was only a very strong but rapidly growing army in battle. It was just a jumble of outlaws.
Looting and assault will take place in the capital of Kyoto. Besides, Yoshinaka He himself does not know the conventions of Kyo and the imperial court, and Go-Shirakawa at an early stage. It was decided to conflict with.
In response to this conflict, Go-Shirakawa Relied on Yoritomo is.
Pope Shirakawa Minamoto no Nori in response to the proclamation from "I will recognize the rule of the eastern country" ・ Yoshitsune Yoshinaka Let's go to subjugation. Battle of Uji River Battle of Awazu who crushed it with such things and fought with only a few horses at the end I was killed in. It was only half a year since I arrived in Tokyo.
The destruction of the Taira clan
The Taira clan, who escaped behind the battle between the Genji clan, secretly regained their power in Chugoku, Shikoku, and Kitakyushu and were in the hands of the Seto Inland Sea. Furthermore, during his lifetime Kiyomori Entering the land of Fukuhara, which was maintained by the company, Ichitani in the neighborhood I was asked for an opportunity to build a military base and enter Tokyo.
Meanwhile, Go-Shirakawa Will send you the news of the Peace Accords.
Mr. Taira and his friends were relieved and took a rest, but Minamoto no Nori However, from the steep slope behind, Yoshitsune These troops have swooped in. The so-called Battle of Ichi-no-Tani is.
Battle of Ichi-no-Tani Lost in Taira Escapes to Yashima in Sanuki Province (Kagawa Prefecture).
Around this time, Yoshitsune was a big success in the war. Is Go-Shirakawa From Yoritomo Yoritomo I was blamed for it. Meanwhile, Noriyori Et al. Battle of Yashima However, it was stagnant, so it is said that when Yoshitsune was appointed again, he was crushed through a strategy that outwited the enemy.
However, it is not known whether this series of events is historical or not, and it is said that there is a possibility that it will be produced in line with Yoshitsune's tragic death.
Battle at Yashima Even after losing in, Taira and his colleagues went further west, and finally Dannoura . What. This Battle of Dannoura Emperor Antoku Demise of the Crown, Taira will be destroyed.
Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes Shogun
Pope Shirakawa Yoritomo got angry about the appointment from And Yoshitsune .. Furthermore, Go-Shirakawa Worked to confuse the two, 1189, Yoshitsune Was subdued by his brother and forced to commit suicide.
Also, at the end of the end, Yoshitsune Relied on (previously taken care of) Oshu Fujiwara in Tohoku Is conquered as "hidden Yoshitsune".
Behind these battles, he acquired the territory of the Taira clan (1184) and guardian priest . (1185) to build a government base and in 1192 Shogun Was appointed to.
There are various theories such as 1192 and 1185, but in this way Kamakura Shogunate Was born.
In addition, Minamoto no Yoritomo And Yoshinaka Kiso And Yoshitsune Go-Shirakawa who served to maintain the power of the institute and the imperial court by making full use of numerous conspiracy techniques, such as making a mistake. Is demise in the year when Yoritomo became a shogun.