* Introduction of new crops, livestock, and technologies that improved agricultural productivity.
* Establishment of schools, hospitals, and other infrastructure that improved living standards.
* Spread of Christianity and Western culture, which led to the development of new forms of art, literature, and music.
* Increased trade and commerce, which stimulated economic growth.
* Creation of a more educated and skilled workforce, which facilitated economic development.
Negative effects:
* Exploitation of African resources and labor for the benefit of European powers.
* Forced labor, which led to the deaths of millions of Africans.
* Spread of diseases such as smallpox and measles, which decimated African populations.
* Destruction of African cultures and traditions.
* Political instability and conflict, which continue to plague Africa today.
* Racial discrimination and segregation, which led to the oppression of Africans.