Historical story

• Chapter-34 - Indian Arts

  In making a real assessment of any national art, we should consider not what the art has borrowed but what it has given. Seen in this light, Indian art should rank among the greatest even among the great schools in Europe or Asia. - E. B. Havel. The word Kala has been used in the Rigveda (4000 BC t

• Chapter – 33 – Medieval Indian Society (Social Institutions and Customs) (d)

  Major festivals of Muslims Muharram, Milad-un-Nabi, Sabe-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Zuha were the main festivals of Muslims. Medieval Muslim society celebrated these festivals with great reverence. Shia Muslims used to mourn for the first ten days of Muharram. According to Shia legends, Hazrat Ali and his

• Chapter – 33 – Medieval Indian Society (Social Institutions and Customs) (c)

  Means of entertainment There were many means of entertainment available in medieval India. The means of sports and entertainment were different for the rich and the poor. Similarly, the means of entertainment of cities and villages were different. Poor people often used to play games like kabaddi,

• Chapter – 33 – Medieval Indian Society (Social Institutions and Customs) (b)

  Social behavior and etiquette The caste-system was badly dominating the medieval Indian society. Due to this social etiquette was also confined to ones own caste. Social dealings with other castes were almost non-existent. The society was completely male-dominated. The women of the houses did not o

• Chapter – 33 – Medieval Indian Society (Social Institutions and Customs) (a)

  Hindus sit and eat food separately and the place of their food is a square covered with cow dung. They do not use waste and if the utensils in which they eat are of clay, then after eating food they throw away the utensils. – Albiruni, 10-11th century AD. Medieval Indian society was an evolved fo

• Chapter – 32 – Medieval Bhakti Movement of India (D)

  Mirabai Meerabais name is foremost among medieval devotees. Meera was born by Acharya Ramchandra Shukla V.S. It is believed in 1573 (AD.1516) while historians like Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha, Harvilas Sharda and Gopinath Sharma etc. have given the birth of Mirabai in V.No. It is believed in 1555 (

• Chapter-32 - Medieval Bhakti Movement of India (c)

  Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Caitanya Mahaprabhu was a contemporary of Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya. Chaitanya was born in AD 1486 in a Brahmin family in Navadvipa or Nadia village, 75 miles north of Calcutta. At that time the Vaishnava devotees, frightened by the terror of the Muslims, were fleeing from Beng

• Chapter-32 - Medieval Bhakti Movement of India (B)

  Bhakti Margi Saint Ramanujacharya A new tradition of Vaishnava masters started in India from the eleventh century AD. In this tradition Ramanujacharya (E.1016-1137), the principal disciple of Alwar saint Yamunacharya, got special success. Ramanujacharya is said to be the father of the medieval Bha

• Chapter – 38 – Mughal Architecture (D)

  Jahangir carpet architecture Jahangir was not interested in building construction like Akbar. Therefore, there was no special development of architecture under his rule. Jahangir gave more importance to painting than to architecture. Although very few buildings were built during the reign of Jahang

• Chapter – 38 – Mughal Architecture (C)

  Akbar Carpet Architecture Akbar ruled India for about 50 years. During this period his kingdom had expanded considerably and the income of the Mughal Sultanate had increased greatly. Thats why he got buildings constructed in many cities of India. Akbars reign was a period of fusion and coordination

• Chapter – 38 – Mughal Architecture (B)

  Baburs Architecture In AD 1526, Babur captured Delhi and Agra by defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat. After this Babur established the Mughal Sultanate in India by winning the battles of Khanwa, Chanderi and Ghaghra. He could reign in India for only four years. In such a short tim

• Chapter – 38 – Mughal Architecture (A)

  In AD 1526, the Mongol-dynasty Babur succeeded in establishing his power in India. Babur and his descendants in India Mughals Known as. Baburs descendants continued to rule more or less areas of India from AD 1526 to AD 1765 with little interruptions. Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangz

• Chapter - 37 - Indo-Saracenic Architecture and Architecture

  The art of buildings built in India by Muslim rulers during the Delhi Sultanate period is called Muslim art, Ottoman architecture and Indo-Saracenic architecture. This art was not only different from the ancient Hindu architecture and medieval Rajput architecture prevalent in India, but also differe

• Chapter – 36 – Indian Architecture and Architecture (Ancient Architecture and Rajput Architecture) (R)

  Architecture of water storage sources India has a long tradition of construction of wells, ponds, stepwells and other types of water bodies for public use. Pushkarini (pond) is mentioned in Rigveda. In the scriptures like Shankhayanagrihyasutra, Aparak, Hemadri, Dankriya Kaumudi, Reservoir-Gatatva,

• Chapter – 36 – Indian Architecture and Architecture (Ancient Architecture and Rajput Architecture) (y)

  Fortress Architecture ‘Duh’ means difficult and ‘c’ means to go. That is, a fortress refers to a structure that is difficult to reach. The fortress itself is inaccessible. So it can be said that ‘fortress’ A structure of architecture that is specially designed for protection from the enemy and for

• Chapter – 36 – Indian Architecture and Architecture (Ancient Architecture and Rajput Architecture) (d)

  Khajuraho Temple Style Khajuraho located in Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh is world famous for ancient and medieval temples. It was called Khajurpura and Khajur Vahika in ancient times. There are a large number of ancient Hindu and Jain temples here. Khajuraho is famous for the temples built

• Chapter – 36 – Indian Architecture and Architecture (Ancient Architecture and Rajput Architecture) (c)

  Rajput Architecture The period from 7th to 12th century in the history of India is called Rajput period. Rajput architecture was a part of Hindu architecture. Originally it was derived from the Nagara style developed in the Gupta period, but it was also influenced by Buddhist and Jain styles. City

• Chapter – 36 – Indian Architecture and Architecture (Ancient Architecture and Rajput Architecture) (b)

  Hindu Architecture Hindu architecture developed rapidly after the Maurya period. Hindu architecture is found in two forms - (1) buildings for private use, (2) buildings for public use. The buildings for private use were mostly residential. These included from the small houses of the common people

• Chapter-42 - Indian Literary Heritage - Kalidas

  The literature of India acquaints us with the great nation of the past, which had authority over every branch of knowledge and which will always occupy a special place in the history of human civilization. – Count Bjönsertjerena. The tradition of writing excellent quality literature started in Ind

• Chapter-41 - Painting of India (B)

  Rajput Painting The flow of rich stream of painting that has developed in Rajasthan from very ancient times till now can be seen. The drawings engraved by primitive humans in the rock shelters of places named Alaniya, Dara, Bairath of Kota district, Amjhiri Nala of Jhalawar district and Dar of Bhar