A large part of the city was razed to the ground. Tens of thousands of civilians died. This is a grim record of the Allied bombing of Dresden in February 1945. There are still discussions as to whether it was a war crime, an act of genocide, or ... a necessary evil? The result of the hostilities
Why did the Commander-in-Chief write about his army that he preferred the state of pissed-off f *** y than the state of good service? Late evening. Piłsudski calls an adjutant. She tells him to sit at the typewriter and write. The subordinate does not dare to dodge, although typing is not his st
The death battalion in Poznań consisted of criminals, outcasts and political enemies. He caused disciplinary problems from the beginning. However, young Poland needed every soldier. Even if he was a villain. After the victorious uprising, the Greater Poland army began to expand its states. They
The files available at the Institute of National Remembrance contain the fates of people, sometimes entire families, who ended up in Łódź in binders. In the years 1939–1945 in the camp at Sporna, the German authorities carried out regular extermination of Polish children and adolescents. Because the
When in 1342 Pierre Roger de Beaufort sat on the throne of Peter as Clement VI, he was said to have said to his entourage:Before me no one knew how to be pope. And indeed - soon the world saw with his own eyes what his words meant ... Clements predecessors could live lavishly and debauchery, but
At the beginning of the seventies of the last century there was a disappearance, which shocked the inhabitants of Wielkopolska. It was just the beginning of a bloody history that became a part of the local folklore, ensuring eternal (in) fame for one of the most brutal Polish murderers ... On No
In a dozen or so days he would be sixty-eight years old. Meanwhile, his body lay motionless on a Brazilian beach when the clock struck five in the afternoon. The crowd of onlookers slowly began to disperse as the dramatic scene ended. Only a few dozen minutes ago Josef Mengele was swimming in the wa
The sinking of the Soviet cruise ship Admiral Nakhimov can be compared to the tragic voyage of the Titanic. Certainly, this is not how the passengers imagined a fabulous holiday on the waves. The crash site looked macabre:hundreds of dead bodies swayed on the surface of the water. On August 31,
The atrocities that Dr. Mengele committed in Auschwitz chill the blood in our veins to this day. However, he himself - like many Nazis - maintained that he was only following orders. Ba! He argued that he saved thousands of people from death ... Josef Mengeles selections of prisoners from transp
Operation Cart - stealing the German mail going to Gdańsk and Królewiec - was in the 1930s one of the most spectacular successes of Division II of the Border Guard. It was thanks to her that most of the information about the German army was gathered. But did the Germans really suspect nothing? Or ma
The relationship between the Prime Minister of Great Britain and the leader of the Soviet Union during the Second World War has fascinated historians for a long time. Was Churchill charmed by Stalin, or was he just trying to wrap the dictator around his finger? It is impossible to imagine the Gr
When World War II began, the Germans did not have the money to carry it out for more than a dozen or so months. However, it lasted five years. How was it possible? Hitlers imperial conquests in 1938–1944 were financed by ... the countries he occupied. The economic policy of Hitler and his genera
On May 10, Nazi troops entered Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands, heading straight into the very heart of France. This was the moment the entire Polish underground was waiting for. The combined forces of the Allies were to be a power that would crush the attacker and either defeat the Third Re
Although the Poles played a significant role during the Battle of Britain, the island history forgot about them. Even in Poland, the famous 303 Squadron is known mainly thanks to reading in high school ... A few years ago, one of the British political parties placed on its leaflets the famous Su
This is a real paradox. Władysław Studnicki, Germanys greatest friend in Poland, fell victim to brutal German repression during World War II. We are publishing an excerpt from the new book by Piotr Zychowicz Germanofil It was midnight. There was silence in the gloomy Berlin Gestapo detention cen
Stefan Rowecki received reports from Witold about the killing of Soviet prisoners of war in gas chambers in the fall of 1941. The commander-in-chief of the ZWZ, like Witold, was not entirely sure what to do with them. He understood that the behavior of the Germans was certainly contrary to internati
When Stalin sentenced someone, there was no escape. His wetboys chased his victim to death - even if she hid on the other side of the world. Lev Trotsky found this out especially hard, reaching the tentacles of his former colleague from the Bolshevik Party as far as Mexico. It was by no means a quic
The commander felt as if something monstrously heavy had landed on the starboard. He looked up at the deck and - as if in horror - saw a huge sea creature trying to climb onto the ship. What caused the sinking of UB-85? Did the cousin of the famous Loch Ness monster have a tail in it? And what role
The triumphal march of the Red Army through the territories granted to Poland in 1945 left a trail marked by brutality, rape and human harm. Propaganda articles in newspapers only fueled hatred of the former inhabitants of these lands. In the end, the eternal enemy was defeated - ruthlessly and bloo
There was no escape from the Łódź ghetto. No wonder then that it is within its borders that the Polen-Jugendverwahrlager der Sicherheitspolizei in Litzmannstadt (a preventive camp for young Poles of the Security Police in Łódź) was established. Let no one be fooled by the name that suggests containm
Social inequality is the distance that separates the richest social classes from the poorest. This is a problem faced on a large scale in Brazil and in the world. The term social inequality It is a sociological and economic concept that designates the difference between social classes. Inequality c
December went down in Polish history exceptionally. In most cases, these were tragic events that influenced the further fate of the nation. The first and most obvious anniversary for most Poles is, of course, December 13, 1981 - the introduction of martial law. The date ending the Carnival of Solida
44 B.C.E. has pushed the fate of the world on a completely new course. 23 blows inflicted on Caesar by a group of high-born bombers led to the fall of the Roman republic. The system collapsed, the empire arose ... but what about the people who wiped out the most popular politician of this era? Rig
Sexual circus is a term coined by two great soul stars, Ray Charles and Billy Preston, describing in two words how the greatest gospel musicians spent their free time in the 1950s. Aretha Franklin and other artists first singed to God in the church and then indulged in dissolute carnal pleasures.