Caligula Becomes Emperor: Following the death of Emperor Tiberius in March of AD 37, his grand-nephew Gaius Caesar, popularly known as Caligula, ascended to the throne as the new Roman emperor.
Caligula's Early Rule: Caligula's reign began with popular support and a positive attitude towards the military and people of Rome. He introduced populist measures, such as reducing taxes, distributing grain subsidies, and organizing elaborate public spectacles.
Tiberius' Will and the Praetorian Guard: Although Tiberius had named both Caligula and Tiberius Gemellus as his heirs in his will, Caligula secured the support of the Praetorian Guard, the elite imperial bodyguards. The Praetorian Prefect Macro played a crucial role in establishing Caligula as the sole emperor, executing Gemellus shortly after Tiberius' death.
Agrippina's Conspiracy: Agrippina the Elder, the mother of Caligula's late father Germanicus, was involved in a conspiracy to put her son Nero Caesar on the throne. However, Caligula discovered the plot, exiled Agrippina to the island of Pandateria, and had Nero and his two brothers executed.
Germanicus' Triumph and the Triumphal Arch: In AD 37, Caligula organized a grand triumphal procession in Rome to celebrate the successes of his father Germanicus during his campaigns in Germania many years earlier. He dedicated the Arch of Germanicus to his father in the Forum Romanum.
Construction Projects: Caligula initiated several building projects, including renovations of the Roman Forum and construction of an imperial palace on the Palatine Hill.
Caligula's Eccentricities: Even from the start of his reign, Caligula displayed signs of impulsive and controversial behavior, including extravagant spending, unconventional actions, and disregard for customs and traditions.
Jewish Delegation: A Jewish delegation, led by Philo of Alexandria, visited Caligula in Rome to appeal against oppressive measures taken by the Roman governor in Alexandria, Egypt.