The longest-serving prime minister in the 20th century was Muammar Gaddafi, who served as de facto leader of Libya from 1969 to 2011, a total of 42 years. After overthrowing King Idris in a military coup, Gaddafi established the Libyan Arab Republic and served as its de facto leader, holding various official positions such as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council, Secretary-General of the General People's Congress, and Leader of the Revolution. His rule was characterized by authoritarianism, repression of dissent, and a cult of personality. In 2011, a civil war broke out in Libya, and Gaddafi was eventually captured and killed by rebel forces.