(Apud FAUSTO, Boris. História do Brasil. São Paulo:Edusp, 1995.) “ Glory to the homeland!”, said Revista Illustrada, one day after the proclamation of the Republic in Brazil, in a commemoration that represented the desire for changes that would bring about the expansion of political rights and citizenship.
With regard to the exercise of political rights, the first republican Constitution - of 1891 - has as one of its characteristics:
(A) the right of citizenship to women, through the introduction of the female vote
(B) the exclusion of the popular strata, with the institution of a direct electoral system
(C) the increase in the electoral college, by attributing the right to vote to the illiterate
(D) the possibility of controlling voters by rural landowners, through open voting
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Question 02 - FUVEST 1998 - 1st phase - About the 1891 constitution in Brazil, we can say that it was
a) parliamentary and liberal.
b) presidential and secular.
c) centralizing and liberal.
d) positivist and secular.
e) presidential and positivist.
Question 03 - UFU 1999-2 - "The Constitution of 1891 introduced direct elections and the right to vote, not secret, to all native or naturalized male Brazilians, over 21 years of age and literate. The historic republicans hoped that the old economic barriers and policies, and a broad electorate could, in theory, freely express their choice." QUEIRÓS, Maria I. P., Coronelismo in a sociological interpretation.
IN:Bóris Fausto (Coord.). History of Brazilian Civilization. São Paulo, Difel, 1975, t.3, v.1, p. 155. Based on the excerpt above and on his knowledge of the power relations between dominant groups and rural and urban populations during the so-called Old Republic, we can say that
I- the extension of the right to vote profoundly altered the power relations between the oligarchies and the rural and urban masses, who began to elect representatives committed to the interests of these masses.
II- as the Republic did not alter the structure of oligarchic power, the right to vote became an exchange good, with which the voter could obtain protection and favors from the colonel.
III- to control and manipulate the elections, the colonels used both the exchange of favors and the violence and intimidation of the colonel. voters, through the action of armed men.
IV- the extension of the right to vote contributed decisively to the democratization of public life in the Republic, as it limited the power of manipulation of the colonels to the most backward rural areas and to the region of Northeast of the country.
Check the option that contains the correct statement(s).
A) Only I.
B) Only I and III.
C) Only II and IV.
D) Only II and III.
Question 04 - FGV-SP 1999 - 1st phase - For the state oligarchies, the 1891 Constitution represents a victory, as it:
a) instituted a mixed system:presidentialism (federal executive) and parliamentarism (state executive);
b) it reaffirmed the principles of the Convention of Taubaté;
c) expanded the participation in elections for soldiers;
d) instituted federalism;
e) expanded the moderating power to the state executive.
br />Question 05 - UVA 2009.2 - The Proclamation of the Republic inaugurated a new political order in Brazil. In late 1890, Deodoro da Fonseca called for elections to the Constituent Assembly, which in early 1891 promulgated the Republican Constitution of Brazil. Analyze the statements below, referring to the first Republican Constitution, and put the letter V in the true ones and F in the false ones.
( ) The country became a Federative Republic, the United States of Brazil.
( ) The former provinces became states and gained autonomy to promulgate their own constitutions, being, however, subject to federal intervention in case of foreign invasion or separatist tendencies.
( ) The president of the Republic, the presidents of the States and the members of the National Congress would be elected by indirect vote.
( ) The President of the Republic, in addition to being the head of government, became the head of the Federation, for a term of office of 04 (four) years , entitled to reelection.
( ) The Church was separated from the State, birth registration, civil marriage registration and death certificates were instituted.
The correct sequence, from top to low, is:
A. V - F - F - V - V
B. V - V - V - F - V
C. V - V - F - F - V
D. F - T - F - T - V
Question 06 - PUC-Rio - Constitution of 1891:
"Art. 70. Citizens over 21 years of age are voters.
§ 1º Voters cannot register for federal or state elections:1st beggars; 2nd the illiterate; (...)
Art. 72. (...) §2o All are equal before the law. existent honorifics and all their prerogatives and privileges, as well as the titles of nobility and council.
§7º No cult or Church will enjoy an official subsidy nor will it have relations of dependence or alliance with the government of the Union or of the states. "
The articles reproduced above highlight some of the important points of the 1891 Charter and of the political project that modeled the Brazilian State, in the Old Republic (1889-1930).
Check the statement in which they are correctly analyzed these important points, related to the Constitutions of 1824 or 1934 and to the historical moments inaugurated by this tas:
(A) The restriction on the vote of illiterates disappears in the 1934 Constitution, which allows everyone to vote, regardless of level of education, giving rise to a period of great popular participation, stimulated by communists and integralists.
/>(B) The impediment to voting for those who do not work - the beggars -, the result of prejudice against poor men, is reviewed in the 1930s, from the regulation of the labor market and the incorporation of social legislation in the Constitution of 1934.
(C) The lack of official religion, evidencing the separation between the State and the Church, marks a difference in relation to the Constitution of the imperial period, when, through the right of patronage, the Emperor appointed bishops and had the authority to granting or denying consent to papal decrees.
(D) If equality before the law underlines a novelty in relation to the slaveholding past, the extinction of honorific orders is not, however, a particularity of that moment. It had already been affirmed in the period of Brazilian Independence and incorporated into the Constitution of 1824, thus breaking any connection with the Portuguese nobility.
(E) The institution of universal suffrage for all Brazilians over 21 years old, men and women, characterizes an expansion of the criteria of citizenship in relation to the Constitution of 1824.
JUDGMENT
01 - D
02 - B
03 - D
04 - D
05 - C
06 - C