- Humanism is a philosophical and cultural movement that emphasized the importance of human beings and their potential for intellectual and creative achievement. It focused on the study of the classical texts of ancient Greece and Rome and the development of new forms of literature, art and music.
2. The expansion of trade and commerce:
- The growth of trade and commerce in Europe led to the emergence of a new class of wealthy merchants and traders who were interested in sponsoring the arts and sciences and commissioning new works of art.
3. The invention of the printing press:
- The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century, made it possible to produce books and other printed materials more quickly and cheaply, which helped to spread new ideas and knowledge more widely throughout Europe.
4. The patronage of the arts by wealthy patrons:
- The Renaissance was also supported by the patronage of the arts by wealthy patrons such as popes, princes, and wealthy merchants who commissioned artists, writers, and musicians to create works for their own enjoyment and for the glory of their families and cities.