Ancient Baghdad buildings were primarily constructed using mud bricks. Mud bricks, also known as adobe bricks, were made from a mixture of clay, sand, and water, and were sun-dried or baked to form solid blocks. These bricks were then used to build walls, houses, and other structures in ancient Baghdad. Mud brick construction, prevalent throughout Mesopotamia, was chosen due to the region's abundance of clay and the limited availability of other building materials like stone and wood. The city of Baghdad, and other nearby settlements, utilized these locally available materials to create the architectural structures of the ancient era.