The economy of most ancient civilizations was based on agriculture. The majority of the population worked in farming, and the land was the main source of wealth. Most civilizations developed systems of irrigation to increase agricultural productivity.
- Mesopotamia - The ancient Mesopotamians were among the first to develop a system of irrigation, which allowed them to grow crops in the fertile soil of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
- Egypt - The ancient Egyptians also relied on irrigation, using a system of canals and dams to control the flow of the Nile River.
- China - The ancient Chinese developed a complex system of agriculture, including the use of terraces and crop rotation, which allowed them to maximize their use of the land.
Trade
Trade was another important part of the economy in ancient civilizations. They traded goods with other civilizations, both near and far. This trade helped to spread new ideas and technologies, as well as to promote economic growth.
- Phoenicians - The Phoenicians were a seafaring people who were known for their trading skills. They established colonies throughout the Mediterranean Sea and traded with people from all over the region.
- Romans - The Roman Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in history. The Romans traded with people all over the known world, and their trade routes extended from Europe to Asia.
- Han Dynasty - The Han Dynasty was a period of great economic prosperity in China. The Han traded with people from all over Asia, and their trade routes extended as far as the Roman Empire.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing was another important part of the economy in ancient civilizations. People made a variety of goods, including pottery, textiles, and metal tools. These goods were used both for domestic consumption and for trade.
- Greece - The ancient Greeks were known for their skill in manufacturing. They made a variety of goods, including pottery, sculptures, and jewelry. Their goods were highly prized throughout the Mediterranean Sea.
- Rome - The Romans were also skilled manufacturers. They made a variety of goods, including weapons, armor, and building materials. Their goods were used throughout the Roman Empire.
- India - The ancient Indians were known for their skill in manufacturing textiles. They made a variety of fabrics, including cotton, silk, and wool. Their fabrics were highly prized throughout Asia.