In the 1930s, the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain pursued a policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany in an attempt to avoid war. This involved making concessions to Germany, such as allowing them to annex Austria and Czechoslovakia, in the hope that it would satisfy their demands and prevent them from further aggression. However, this policy ultimately failed, as Germany continued to expand its territory and eventually invaded Poland in 1939, leading to the outbreak of World War II.
Appeasement is a foreign policy in which a country makes concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict. It is often used when the country being appeased is perceived to be stronger than the country doing the appeasing. Appeasement can be effective in the short term, but it can also lead to more conflict in the long term, as it emboldens the aggressive power and makes it more likely to continue its aggression.
In the case of Neville Chamberlain, his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany was based on the belief that Hitler could be satisfied with the territorial concessions that he had already made, and that he would not be interested in further expansion. However, this belief proved to be false, as Hitler continued to expand his territory and eventually invaded Poland, leading to the outbreak of World War II.