2. Equal Protection: The government cannot treat people differently based on their race, sex, religion, or other protected characteristics. For example, the government cannot deny someone a job or education because of their race.
3. Freedom of Speech: The government cannot prevent people from expressing their opinions, even if those opinions are controversial. For example, the government cannot arrest someone for burning an American flag.
4. Separation of Church and State: The government cannot establish a religion or favor one religion over another. For example, the government cannot require students to pray in school.
5. Right to Vote: The government cannot prevent citizens from voting or make it too difficult for them to vote. For example, the government cannot impose poll taxes or other requirements that make it difficult for certain people to vote.