Exercises on the Incas

(UFC) Recently, Alejandro Toledo was elected president of Peru. During the electoral campaign, he was called Pachacútec, in an allusion to the Inca emperor who consolidated an empire in the central Andes. About the Inca society, it is correct to say that:

a) the fact of constituting one of the most significant pre-Columbian societies is based on the denial of the culture of the dominated peoples;

b) its economy was based on agriculture, with the distribution of land by the State and the practice of the irrigation system;

c) what differentiated it from other pre-Columbian cultures was the idea of ​​an egalitarian society;

d) domestic trade was significant, with guano being one of the most valued products;

e) their culture disappeared with the process of Spanish domination.

(FGV/SP) In 2001, Alejandro Toledo became the first Peruvian with indigenous ancestry to assume the Presidency of the Republic of his country. The inauguration ceremony, in Machu Picchu, was marked by rituals and symbols of the Inca Empire. Regarding the Incas, it is correct to say:

a) They were monotheists before the arrival of the Spaniards in America and came to associate them with their god Viracocha.

b) In Inca society, there was a clear separation between politics and religion, in such a way that its ruler, the Inca, was not attributed any divine character.

c) Cuzco, in addition to the main political nucleus of the empire founded around the twelfth century, was considered by the Incas the Center of the World, the holiest place on Earth.

d) Metallurgy for the production of weapons, ornaments and tools was the basis of the empire's economy.

e) Unlike the treatment given to other peoples of America, their political and social structures were not profoundly altered and they were able to preserve their religious traditions until the present day.

The term “Inca”, despite being associated with a pre-Columbian civilization, does not designate an ethnic group, but its ruler. The Inca were considered a direct descendant of the Sun God. This made him legislator, enforcer of laws, and supreme commander of the army. What, then, was the dominant ethnic group ruled by the Inca and in what region of America did it develop?

a) Bantu ethnicity, which developed in the northern region of South America, especially in present-day Peru and Ecuador.

b) Olmec ethnicity, which developed in present-day Mexico and which later gave rise to the Aztecs.

c) Tupi-Guarani ethnicity, which developed in the Amazon region and comprises present-day Colombia and the present-day state of Amazonas.

d) Quechua ethnicity, which developed in the northern region of South America, especially in present-day Peru and Ecuador.

e) Sioux ethnicity, which developed in the northern United States, near the Great Lakes region on the Canadian border.

Francisco Pizarro was the conqueror responsible for defeating the last representative of the Incas, that is, of the chiefs of the Quechua people, who inhabited the northern region of the Alps in South America. In what year was this representative defeated and what was his name?

a) In 1533, Atahualpa.

b) In 1525, Huayna Capac.

c) In 1530, Huáscar

d) In 1527, Montezuma.

e) In 1520, Cuauhtémoc.

Letter B

The economic system of the Incas was basically centered on agriculture. To do so, it was necessary to build complex irrigation and crop maintenance structures.

Letter C

The city of Cusco was considered the center of the world for the Inca people. The very disposition of the empire in relation to the location of the city betrayed this character, given that it was also in the center of the empire, attracting the entire surrounding population to itself.

Letter D

The main ethnic group commanded by the Inca chief was the Quechua, who inhabited a vast region at the height of the Alps of South America, mainly concentrated in present-day Peru and Ecuador. In addition to the capital Cuzco, the city of Machu Picchu has become well known due to its location and architectural constructions.

Letter A

Although not considered a true Inca, that is, an heir ruler of the Sun god, Atahualpa was the son of Huayna Capac, who was killed in 1525. Huayna Capac was the last Inca to rule before the arrival of the Spaniards. Before he died, he divided his empire between his two sons, Huáscar, the legitimate heir, and Atahaulpa, the latter's half-brother. After his father's death, Atahualpa unleashed a civil war against his brother, thus establishing a temporary rule over the empire. Francisco Pizarro defeated Atahualpa definitively in 1533, executing him.