The Seven Years War is a conflict which lasted from 1756 to 1763 and which opposed on the one hand France and England in their colonial ambitions, and on the other hand Prussia and Austria. Following a “reversal of alliances”, the French armies, which had become allies of the Austrians, found themse
The Falklands War is a conflict between the United Kingdom and Argentina in 1982 for the possession of the Malvinas Islands (in English, Falkland Islands). This is a strange conflict, totally out of step with the issue of the Cold War. This war is the result of the will of the Argentine government,
The Korean War was a conflict between the two Koreas from 1950 to 1953. It was caused by the invasion of North Korean troops in South Korea, at dawn on June 25, 1950. In the context of the Cold War, this invasion led to the intervention of an international coalition led by the United States in suppo
The War of the Pacific begins on December 7, 1941 with the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and opposes the Empire of Japan and the United States (and their allies) for almost four years. It begins with a series of victories for the Japanese who impose themselves everywhere in Southeast Asia to the i
The Vietnam War (or Vietnam ) opposed, between 1959 and 1975, pro-Western South Vietnam (and its main ally, the United States) to communist North Vietnam (supported by China and the USSR). After a period of guerrilla warfare marked by the progressive infiltration of North Vietnamese forces in the So
The Gallic War refers to the campaigns of subjugation of the Gallic peoples led from -58 to -52 by the Roman general Julius Caesar. The winner himself took it upon himself to recount (and justify) his successes in his famous Comments . If the defeat of Vercingetorix at Alesia and the conquest of G
The Iran-Iraq War is an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq between 1980 and 1988, with the main issue being supremacy in the Persian Gulf. By triggering hostilities on September 22, 1980, Saddam Hussein had banked on a dazzling offensive and a short war that would make his country the leading powe
In summary, we call Religious Wars » the long conflict which opposed Catholics and Protestants in France in the 16th century. Although there are traditionally eight Wars of Religion (from 1562 to 1598), these are more like a long and single conflict of thirty-five years. The battles, most often cons
The Crimean War (1853-1856) , which opposed the Franco-British to the Russians in the Black Sea, is one of the victorious campaigns of France and fallen into oblivion because of the taboo of the Third Republic on the Second Empire . However, there remains at least in everyones mind the famous expres
Triggered on October 6, 1973 , the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, the a Yom Kippur War is the fourth war between Israel and neighboring Arab countries . Taking the initiative, the latter aim to recover the territories lost in 1967. It will take the Jewish state more than three weeks to repel its adve
The Six-Day War (June 1967) is the third armed conflict that has pitted Israel against neighboring Arab countries:Egypt, Jordan and Syria. It began on June 5, 1967 with an Israeli air raid followed by a general offensive under the leadership of Moshe Dayan. The IDF tanks advanced rapidly and on Jun
Frances first post-war colonial conflict, the Indochina War (1946-1954) opposed the French army to the communist forces of the Viet-minh (who were fighting for the independence of Indochina). It ends with the independence of Viet Nam after the defeat of Diên Biên Phu and the departure of all the Fre
Scottish History , it is above all that of a country marked by an almost continuous rivalry with England. It is that of a people who brandish as heroes William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the famous Braveheart, who fought against English oppression in bloody battles. It is also that of Marie Stuart, q
When discussing the history of medieval Japan , one of the first images that comes to mind is that of a samurai. The feudal period of the Empire of the Rising Sun, the era of the civil wars, is one of the periods which has most intrigued, which has marked the memories the most. But all of the above
Discovered by Jacques Cartier in 1534, Quebec (Province of present-day Canada) was the first French colony in North America, after the founding of the city of Quebec by Champlain in 1608. Its history is therefore intertwined in its beginnings with that of New France . To understand Quebec psychology
Largest country in South America, Brazil is beyond the clichés a country rich in history strongly influenced by Portuguese colonization. Pedro Álvares Cabral took possession of it in the name of the King of Portugal in 1500 and the colony quickly became prosperous, attracting the covetousness of the
Throughout its history, the Chinese Empire had to face invaders from the north. The Ming Dynasty, which drove out the Mongols and ruled the mid-empire from 1368 to 1644, set out to build the 5,000 km Great Wall to defend its borders. In vain. In 1644, taking advantage of a civil war that was ravagin
The Mongols were one of the most destructive conquering powers the world has ever known. In the 13th century, they emerged from the steppes of Asia, terrorizing the peoples established in Eurasia, from China to Hungary. And yet, less than a century later, the immense Mongol Empire had begun to disin
Founded in the middle of the Middle Ages, the Ottoman Empire was a Muslim state of Turkish origin which, at its height (in the 15th-16th centuries), dominated a vast territory including the entire Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia. The founder of the Ottoman Empire was a 13th century warrior na
Great Chinese dynasties, that of Han is one of the most important, and paradoxically one of the least known. Its apogee, under the reign of Emperor Wudi, is contemporary with the Roman Republic of the time of the Gracchi and the struggle between Sylla and Marius. It was at the same time that the fam
A Neanderthal man cuts a point intended for hunting (reconstruction) • ISTOCKPHOTO What level of culture and technology could the Neanderthals have reached if they had not disappeared? This question, which comes under “fictional prehistory”, is nevertheless one of those posed by scientists who s
With this summer issue, History &Civilizations is enriched with new appointments. Each month, an article entitled Lair du temps will deepen a subject that, beyond the foam of the news, works our time. This month, with the 60th anniversary of the missile crisis which opposed, around Cuba, the America
We are going to talk about one of the oldest cities in History -if not the oldest-, understanding as such those that have been inhabited continuously from its foundation to the present day. If I tell you that his name was Gubla, it wont sound familiar to most; if we look at its biblical name, Gebal,
Although dogs are considered mans best friends, one cat, Simon, proved himself worthy of them. The British Navy still honors the heroic cat, decades after his death. Simon was the mascot of the British frigate HMS Amethyst, which during the final phase of the Chinese Civil War, was trapped by Maos f