The moment man first set foot on the Moon on July 20, 1969 marked a milestone in the history of space exploration and manned space missions. But the road to the moon was long and arduous, and Russian mathematician Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was one of the brilliant minds who paved the way for the succes
In February 1940 the German navy decided to attack British fishing vessels in the North Sea in the area of Dodger Bank. The mission codenamed Operation Wikinger (Viking) was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla. The flotilla consisted of the destroyers Z1 Leberecht Maass, Z3 Max Schultz, Z4 R
The submarine weapon did not get the recognition it deserved in Britain. And this made perfect sense, considering that the Royal Navy, then the most powerful in the world, had, in 1914, over 60 battleships, old and new. The Royal Navys reliance on its battleship line of battle automatically made sub
Charles V of France, the so-called Wise, from the time he ascended the throne in 1364, he valiantly tried to resurrect the France that had been destroyed by the English, ravaged by the Hundred Years War, relying on the help of the excellent general Bernard de Gueslain. Charles had, in the first i
The battle at Suomousalmi was one of the most important of the so-called Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union in 1939-40. Its result did not prove that quality can neutralize quantity. On 30 November 1939 the Soviet 163rd Rifle Division (MT) crossed the border and invaded Finnish terri
The Battle of Krasnoprod could perhaps be characterized as an insignificant little conflict lost in the maelstrom of World War II that was just beginning. but the battle had an important peculiarity... Both opponents used cavalry... while only two islands humiliated an entire infantry division. O
The Hundred Years War was the longest-running military conflict in Europe and one of the longest-running of all time. To be precise, it lasted 116 years, from 1337 to 1453, with breaks though. The main cause of the war was the pursuit of the English Plantagenet dynasty to dominate French lands wh
The spear is a weapon as old as mankind. Its history is lost in the depths of the centuries. It equipped our prehistoric ancestor in hunting and war as a formidable and unassailable weapon. Soon there was a differentiation between a light spear, suitable for throwing (javelin) and the heavier spear
The Iraqi air force received, in 1980, 12 MiG-25P fighters, 12 MiG-25R reconnaissance and six MiG-25PU trainers. However, these aircraft belonged to export versions and were inferior to the Soviet ones. Iraq demanded and won the aircraft upgrade. Iraqi MiG-25s first flew over Iran in May 1982. Ho
The first Foreign Legion was destroyed in Spain. In 1836 the first divisions of the new legion set foot on African soil again. The new legion had an initial strength of 1,600 men. Major Bento was appointed its commander. The main opponent of the French was the bey of Constantine. Against the city of
The battle of Albulena was one of the most important in the struggle of the Balkan peoples against the Turks, which unfortunately was left without a counterattack. Georgios Kastriotis fought the Ottomans for years. However, in 1457 he had been under a lot of pressure and had been abandoned even by h
The war between the houses of York and Lancaster shook England for decades. The opposing armies consisted mainly of infantry divisions, which played a catalytic role in the conflict. The War of the Roses was one of the longest and most destructive civil wars in English history. It began in 1455 a
The Battle of Vertier was the catalytic conflict that sealed the freedom of Haitian slave rebels. It was a conflict between the desperate and the force that Napoleon sent to re-enslave them. Haitian slaves revolted against white plantation owners and their men. Gradually the British and the Spani
The First Boer War would be an insignificant little conflict among the thousands recorded in history if it did not have the impact it had on the prestige of the most powerful empire the world has ever known, the British. In 1852 the Boers proceeded to establish their own state, the South African
The Fi-103 or Reichenberg was a V1 flying bomb with cockpit and flight control controls. A number of such flying bombs were discovered by the Allied armies advancing on Germany. Without a second thought, the Allies concluded that it was a manned flying bomb, which would be used in suicide missions.
The War of the Austrian Succession was one of the greatest military conflicts, perhaps the first global conflict in history. It also includes the Austro-Prussian conflicts that took place in the Silesian region and were known in history as the First and Second Silesian Wars. The first of these co
In the late 1950s the West was alarmed by rumors of the new Soviet pro-fighter that had just begun entering service. It was the MiG-21. The Soviet fighter was not only amazing. However, no one, except its manufacturers, knew of its weaknesses at the time. On the other hand, the fact that more than 1
For about two centuries Italy was divided. There were two main camps, that of the Ghibellines who supported the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and that of the Guelphs who supported the pope. The city of Modena belonged to the friend-imperial camp, while the city of Bologna belonged to the
Operation Cottage aimed to recapture Kiska Island of the Aleutian group from the Japanese. One of these islands was Kiska, an uninhabited, frozen island east of Alaska. The Japanese captured Kiska Island on June 7, 1942. The landing was carried out by 500 Marines under Captain Takeji Ono. There w
In 1832, the French confectioner Remonde, who lived in Mexico, protested with a letter to his compatriot King Louis-Philippe, writing that his shop near the city of Mexico was looted by Mexicans. He even demanded compensation of 60,000 pesos. And that time was a time of turmoil in the large Lati
T-35 Type: heavy tank.Crew: 11 men (for models carrying all the turrets; on some models, some turrets were removed).Armament (basic model):one 76.2 mm gun; 2 guns of 45 mm:6 machine guns 7.62 mm; a P-40 anti-aircraft machine gun. (Some later models removed part of the secondary armament.) Armour: m
Photo credit:©Olaf Tausch, 2009 Djoser reigns over Egypt around -2650, under the IIIth dynasty of the Old Kingdom, of which he is the second king. Under his authority, the country is unified. The necropolis of Saqqara, not far from Memphis, has always housed the tombs of kings. They are erected out
When the construction decision had been taken, the delimitation of the route was then entrusted to surveyors, the agrimenseurs or mensores. These surveyors used a few tried and true instruments: the groma, ancestor of the current surveyors square was used to facilitate the drawing of right angles.
When on May 12, 1191 Richard the Lionheart and Berengaria of Navarre were married in Limasol (Cyprus) after the English king had subdued the entire island, no expense was spared for the wedding banquet, within the possibilities of the moment. . It is not known what food or dishes were served for th