- Antara: Also called a panpipe, the antara is a musical instrument consisting of a series of vertical pipes or tubes of varying lengths. It was played by blowing across the open ends of the pipes to produce different notes. The inca antara consisted of multiple ranks of pipes bound together, allowing the player to produce melodies and harmonies.
- Quena: The quena is a vertical, end-blown flute made from wood, bone, or reed. It typically has six finger holes and one thumb hole, and produces a shrill, high-pitched sound. The quena was used for various purposes such as signaling, ceremonies, and musical performances.
- Zampoña: Similar to the panpipes, the zampoña is a wind instrument consisting of a series of parallel pipes made from bamboo, cane, or bone. Each pipe is tuned to a different note, allowing the player to create melodies. The inca zampoña typically has two rows of pipes, with one row tuned higher than the other, enabling the production of harmonies.
- Charango: The charango is a small, stringed instrument that originated from the Andes region. It is made from an armadillo's shell or wood and has five or more strings. The charango is played by plucking the strings with the fingers or a pick.
- Quijada: The quijada is a percussion instrument made from the jawbone of a donkey or horse. It is played by scraping a stick or bone across the teeth to produce a rattling sound. The quijada was used in rituals and musical performances.
- Tinya: The tinya is a double-headed cylindrical drum that was played with the hands or sticks. It was used for ceremonial and musical purposes, providing rhythmic accompaniment to other instruments.
- Pututu: The pututu is a conch shell that was used as a signaling device and musical instrument. It produced a loud, resonating sound when blown into.
These instruments were important cultural symbols for the Incas, and they played a significant role in their music, ceremonies, and daily life.