* Removal from ancestral lands: Native Americans were forcibly removed from their ancestral lands by the US government through a series of treaties, laws, and military actions. This process, known as Indian removal, resulted in the displacement of millions of Native Americans from their traditional territories.
* Loss of culture and traditions: The forced removal from their ancestral lands led to the loss of many Native American cultural practices, languages, and traditions. This was due to the disruption of traditional ways of life, as well as the assimilation policies of the US government.
* Confinement to reservations: Native Americans who were not removed from their lands were often confined to reservations, which were typically small and isolated areas of land. This confinement restricted their ability to move freely, hunt, and practice their traditional way of life.
* Discrimination and violence: Native Americans faced widespread discrimination and violence from white settlers and the US government. This included physical violence, such as massacres and forced relocations, as well as legal discrimination, such as the denial of citizenship and voting rights.
Hawaiians
* Annexation by the US: Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898, becoming a US territory. This marked a significant change in Hawaii's political status, as it had previously been an independent kingdom.
* Loss of sovereignty: The annexation of Hawaii resulted in the loss of Hawaiian sovereignty. The Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown and replaced by a US-appointed government.
* Economic exploitation: Hawaii's economy was transformed under US rule, with the sugar industry becoming the dominant force. This led to the exploitation of Hawaiian labor and the displacement of many Native Hawaiian communities.
* Cultural assimilation: Native Hawaiians faced pressure to assimilate to American culture and values. This included the suppression of Hawaiian language and culture, as well as the introduction of English-language education and Christian missionary activity.
In summary, the experiences of Native Americans and Hawaiians in the 1800s were both characterized by dispossession, loss of culture, and discrimination. Native Americans were forcibly removed from their ancestral lands and confined to reservations, while Hawaiians experienced the annexation of their kingdom by the US and the loss of their sovereignty. Both groups faced significant challenges to their cultures and ways of life during this period.