- Ancient Roman concrete (Opus Caementicium) was a mixture of lime, water, and an aggregate of crushed rocks and broken bricks. It was an important building material for the Romans, who used it to construct a wide variety of structures, including temples, aqueducts, bridges and domes.
- The process of making Roman concrete began by mixing lime and water to form a paste, then adding the aggregate. The mixture was then poured into a formwork, tamped down, and left to set. Roman concrete was notable for its strength and durability, and it is still used in construction today.
Stone
- Stone was another important building material for the Romans, who used it for foundations, walls, columns, and other structural elements.
- The type of stone used varied depending on the region, but some of the most common types included marble, limestone, and travertine.
Wood
- Wood was used for a variety of purposes in Roman construction, such as for beams, rafters, and doors.
- The type of wood used also varied depending on the region, but some of the most common types included oak, pine, and cedar.
Brick
- Bricks were also used in Roman construction, particularly in the later period of the Empire.
- The bricks were made from clay that was mixed with water, moulded, and then fired in a kiln. Bricks were often used in conjunction with other materials, such as concrete and stone, to create walls and other structural elements.