1. Nanking (Nanjing), China: Nanking served as the capital of China during various periods in history, including the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and the early Republican era. Beijing is the current capital of China.
2. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo was not always the capital of Japan. Before 1868, Kyoto served as the capital for over a thousand years. Tokyo became the capital during the Meiji Restoration.
3. Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey: Constantinople served as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) for over a thousand years. After its conquest by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, Istanbul became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The modern-day capital of Turkey is Ankara.
4. St. Petersburg, Russia: St. Petersburg served as the capital of the Russian Empire from 1712 to 1918. After the Russian Revolution, the capital was moved back to Moscow.
5. Calcutta (Kolkata), India: Calcutta was the capital of British India from 1772 to 1911. It was replaced by New Delhi as the capital during British rule. New Delhi remains the capital of India today.
6. Philadelphia, United States: Philadelphia served as the temporary capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800 before Washington, D.C., was established as the permanent capital.
7. Winchester, England: Winchester served as the capital of England from the 10th to the 12th century before London became the permanent capital.
8. Rome, Italy: Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire and later the Papal States. Turin served as the capital of Italy from 1861 to 1865 before Rome became the capital in 1871.
These are just a few examples of Old Capitals. Each represents a significant period in the history of their respective countries or regions.