The introduction of new animals. The Columbian Exchange also brought many new animals to the Old World, including horses, cattle, and pigs. These animals were used for transportation, food, and labor, and they played a major role in the development of agriculture and industry.
The introduction of new diseases. The Columbian Exchange also brought many new diseases to the Old World, including smallpox, measles, and yellow fever. These diseases devastated indigenous populations in the Americas and Europe and contributed to the decline of the Aztec and Inca Empires.
The introduction of new technology. The Columbian Exchange also brought many new technologies to the Old World, including the printing press, the compass, and the astrolabe. These technologies revolutionized communication, navigation, and astronomy, and they played a major role in the European Renaissance.
The expansion of trade. The Columbian Exchange led to a dramatic increase in trade between the Old World and the New World. This trade brought new wealth and prosperity to both regions and helped to create a global economy.