The beginning of medieval architecture can be traced back to the 5th and 6th centuries, when early Christian architecture began to develop in different regions of Europe. One of the earliest examples of medieval architecture is the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, built in the 6th century. This church showcased Byzantine influences and featured intricate mosaic decorations.
During the early Middle Ages (5th-10th centuries), the architecture of this period was characterized by the Romanesque style. Romanesque architecture was inspired by Roman architectural elements and often featured sturdy construction, rounded arches, thick walls, and decorative carvings. Examples of Romanesque architecture include the Church of Saint-Sernin in Toulouse, France, and the Cathedral of Speyer in Germany.
As the Middle Ages progressed, architectural styles continued to evolve, leading to the emergence of the Gothic style in the 12th century. Gothic architecture was characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and elaborate ornamentation. Notable examples of Gothic architecture include the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, France, and the Salisbury Cathedral in England.
Therefore, the start of medieval architecture can be situated in the 5th and 6th centuries with the development of early Christian architecture, which marked the transition from ancient to medieval architectural styles.