1. Military conquests: The Dahomey Kingdom's military strength played a crucial role in its expansion. The Dahomey warriors, known for their discipline, organization, and fierce combat skills, conquered neighboring territories, expanding the kingdom's influence and access to resources.
2. Centralized political structure: The Dahomey Kingdom developed a centralized political structure under the rule of a king (oba) who held absolute power. This centralized control allowed for efficient decision-making, resource allocation, and military mobilization, enabling the kingdom to maintain its dominance.
3. Slave trade: The Dahomey Kingdom became a significant player in the West African slave trade. They captured and sold slaves to European traders, which brought immense wealth and power to the kingdom. The revenue generated from the slave trade funded military campaigns, infrastructure development, and royal patronage of the arts.
4. Economic diversification: The Dahomey Kingdom diversified its economy beyond slave trading by engaging in agricultural production and commercial activities. They exported cash crops such as palm oil, cotton, and kola nuts to European markets, further strengthening their economic base and increasing their bargaining power in trade negotiations.
5. Cultural and administrative reforms: The Dahomey kings implemented various reforms to enhance the efficiency and stability of their rule. They established legal codes, implemented administrative structures, and maintained diplomatic relations with other kingdoms and European powers. These measures helped consolidate the kingdom's authority and foster its cultural and political identity.
6. Religious influence: Vodun (Voodoo) played a vital role in Dahomey society, serving as a unifying factor and a source of spiritual authority for the kings. The divine backing attributed to the kings strengthened their legitimacy and ensured the loyalty of their subjects.