- Introduction of new crops, such as maize, potatoes, tomatoes, squash, and beans, to Europe led to an improvement in diet and a population increase.
- Introduction of new livestock, such as horses, cattle, and pigs, improved transportation and agriculture in the Americas.
- The exchange of goods and ideas led to cultural diffusion and technological advancements.
- New diseases, such as smallpox and measles, decimated the indigenous populations of the Americas, but also led to the development of new immunities and treatments.
Negative effects:
- European diseases, such as smallpox and measles, decimated the indigenous populations of the Americas.
- African slaves were brought to the Americas to work on plantations, leading to the African diaspora and the transatlantic slave trade.
- The Columbian Exchange had a devastating impact on the environment, as new species were introduced to different ecosystems, disrupting the balance of nature.